绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构观察

采用冰冻切片、组织学染色及扫描电镜的方法对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)鱼皮组织结构进行研究。结果显示,绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮由表皮层、鳞片层、真皮层和皮下组织层构成,并据此绘制绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构模式图。表皮层由上皮细胞和基底细胞组成,其厚度为(26.81±7.48) μm;鳞片层由锥状骨质凸起和基板组成,基板厚度为(22.49±5.19) μm,基板上不均匀地分布2~4行直径大小不一、顶端弯曲程度不同、高度为(257.13±10.41) μm的锥状骨质凸起;真皮层厚度为中部>头部>尾部,平均厚度为(176.97±21.11) μm,主要由胶原纤维构成;皮下组织层主要由胶原纤维和非纤维间质构成。本研究可为开发利用绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮资源提供基础资料。     

牛角瓜果实发育规律及纤维产量

为引进优质种质资源打下基础,阐明牛角瓜果实发育的规律,制定栽培管理措施,以实现品质的调控和果实产量的稳定。因此本试验通过对巴基斯坦瓜达尔港的牛角瓜果实外部特征、内部纤维发育过程的观察。确定了牛角瓜果实外部大小与内部纤维长度呈正相关,即果实越大,纤维长度越长。在座果后第1天至第6天为缓慢增长期,此时应采取保果措施;第7天至第19天为果实增长和纤维快速增长期,此时应给予足够的养分;在第20天至第30天为缓慢增长期,此时应侧重于病虫害的防治。     

扬子鳄胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的发生

本文观察了１６例不同时间的扬子鳄（Ａｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的形态及组织发生过程。孵化第２０天，来自胚胎中胚层生皮节的间充质细胞开始向原始表皮下迁移，表皮仅具周皮层与生发层两层细胞。第２８天背部鳞片开始明显，左右鳞片之间出现很浅的鳞间沟，前后鳞片交界处的原始表皮、真皮层开始向外突出形成鳞甲原基。第３４天鳞甲原基突出伸长，第４０天背鳞的纵崤明显。第３４～５０天中，鳞甲后缘基部的表皮层向鳞甲前缘基部的真皮层不断内陷，鳞甲显著伸长并向体后方水平伸出。背部表皮在孵化第３４天出现三层细胞，第４０天周皮细胞中开始出现色素沉集。第５０天表皮具四层细胞，周皮层细胞中出现大量色素沉集。第６０天表皮分层与成体时相似，周皮层已退化。孵化第３４天真皮层细胞形态出现多样化，第４０天真皮可分上、下两层。第５０天真皮上层中形成交织的胶原纤维网，下层中形成平行走向的胶原纤维。本文简要讨论了扬子鳄鳞甲的形态发生特点。     

Inhibition of histamine release from dispersed canine skin mast cells by cyclosporin A, rolipram and salbutamol, but not by dexamethasone or sodium cromoglycate

Despite the important role that canine skin mast cells play in IgE-mediated allergic inflammation, clinically useful compounds for modulating mediator release from these cells or for suppressing cell response are lacking in the dog. The ability of five compounds to inhibit histamine release induced by non immunological (calcium ionophore A23187 and substance P) and IgE-dependent (concanavalin A) stimuli were compared. Sodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer, and dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, failed to inhibit histamine release from isolated skin mast cells following any kind of stimulation. Salbutamol, a β-adrenergic agonist, exhibited inhibitory activity (46.0%) only after concanavalin A activation. In contrast, rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor and cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressor, showed potent anti allergic actions, inhibiting both IgE-dependent and -independent stimuli. Rolipram inhibited 42.8%, 44.7% and 19.2% of the mediator release induced by ionophore A23187, substance P and concanavalin A, respectively. Similarly cyclosporin A induced 85.9%, 14.9% and 67.3% inhibition after ionophore A23187, substance P and concanavalin A stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that rolipram and cyclosporin A merit to be clinically tested as agents for the treatment of chronic allergic diseases in the dog.     

Cephalosporins – pharmacological basis of clinical use in veterinary dermatology

Cephalosporins form a large group of β-lactam antibiotics which are used extensively in human medicine and to a lesser extent in domestic animals. In veterinary dermatology, the principle use for the cephalosporins is the clinical management of canine pyoderma associated with Staphylococcus intermedius . In practice, the use of orally administered first generation cephalosporin drugs to affected dogs is well tolerated and highly efficacious. Bacterial drug resistance appears to occur rarely.     

Potential use of lymphocyte blastogenic responses in diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

A comparison of in vitro lymphocyte responses and delayed type tuberculin skin test responses was made in an animal experimentally exposed to a Mycobacterium bovis-infected animal and in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis. Tuberculin skin tests did not suppress in vitro lymphocyte responses to M. bovis PPD and to M. avium PPD tuberculin. The whole blood test used in these studies provided for considerable savings in time as compared to use of purified lymphocytes for evaluating in vitro cellular responses. Variations in the responsiveness of lymphocytes to specific mycobacterial antigens was observed, therefore, it is recommended that profiles be established using three or more tests conducted at 14-day intervals.     

短流程兔皮鞣制技术初探

针对兔皮生产周期长的特点,在传统兔皮鞣制技术的基础上,在脱脂工段加入适量的脱脂酶,将脱脂时间从原来的1h延长至8h,在跳过软化工序进行短时间浸酸后,次日进行铬鞣。结果表明,除能有效缩短加工时间、简化加工工艺外,该工艺加工的兔皮皮板柔软丰满,手感良好,收缩温度在99℃左右,证明这种短流程的兔皮鞣制工艺具有可行性。     

转基因植物口服疫苗研究进展

利用转基因技术构建植物生物反应器,生产口服疫苗是目前新兴的研究领域。与其他疫苗生产方式相比,转基因植物口服疫苗生产技术具有高效、经济和简便等特点。根据转基因植物口服疫苗的特点,人和家畜家禽摄食方式的不同,应用转基因植物口服疫苗预防集约化饲养动物传染病的发生和流行,具有更为重要的意义。因此,转基因植物口服疫苗的研究热点逐渐由人的转基因植物口服疫苗向家畜和家禽的转基因植物口服疫苗的方向转移。文章就转基因植物口服疫苗的优点、人口服的转基因植物疫苗、家畜饲用的转基因植物疫苗及禽用的转基因植物口服疫苗做一综述。     

Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 1. A clinical report

This case report describes tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. Two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin in November 2004. Bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. Radiological examination showed evidence of diffuse granulomatous pneumonia suggestive of tuberculosis. On necropsy there were granulomatous lesions present throughout many body organs including lung, liver, kidney, intestine as well on peritoneum and mesentery. Culture of acid-fast bacilli from lesions led to a diagnosis of tuberculosis due to M. bovis. The use of intradermal skin testing proved inefficient and unreliable for ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in alpaca. Infection due to M. bovis should be considered among the differential diagnoses of debilitating diseases in alpaca, particularly those farmed in areas known to be traditional black spots for tuberculosis in cattle.