SLC7A11基因与动物色素的形成

黑色素广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的生理功能。SLC7A11基因是新近发现的功能新基因控制脱黑色素合成从而影响到真黑色素与总黑色素的比例,进而改变了动物的毛色和肤色。综述了黑色素的形成过程,并详细分析总结了SLC7A11基因特征及其变异对动物肤色的影响,为研究乌骨绵羊和乌骨鸡乌质性状形成的分子基础提供依据。     

禽流感病毒分子生物学的研究进展

禽流行性感冒(av ian in fluenza,A I,简称禽流感)是由A型禽流感病毒(av ian in fluenza v irus,A IV)引起的禽类烈性传染病。作为被世界动物卫生组织(O IE)定为A类的传染病,A I不仅给世界养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,而且对人类健康和生命安全构成了严重威胁。因此,A I已经成为人们关注的焦点,国内外学者也对其进行了大量研究。作者从病原基因组及其编码的蛋白质、致病力、变异性以及对人类感染A IV的分子机制等角度就A IV的分子生物学研究作一综述,为防制A I提供理论基础,并在此基础上探讨了人类禽流感的防治措施,加深人们对A I的认识。     

家蚕亲环蛋白A基因(BmCyPA)的克隆与表达分析

亲环蛋白(CyP)能与免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A(CsA)结合而作为CsA的胞内受体。在已构建的家蚕蛹cDNA文库中获得了家蚕亲环蛋白A(BmCyPA)基因的cDNA序列。利用生物信息学方法对此序列的开放阅读框(ORF)和序列同源性等进行分析,并以家蚕蛹总RNA反转录的cDNA为材料克隆了BmCyPA,通过原核表达目的蛋白后,将纯化的BmCyPA融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔得到抗血清,Western blotting检测目的蛋白在蚕体中得到表达。利用荧光定量PCR方法检测家蚕5龄幼虫各组织中BmCyPA mRNA的转录水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、丝腺、中肠、马氏管、表皮、头部、气门、卵巢;Western blotting检测BmCyPA在5龄幼虫各组织中的表达水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、气门、表皮、马氏管、中肠、丝腺、头部和卵巢。亚细胞定位显示Bm-CyPA在细胞质与细胞核中均有分布。推测BmCyPA与家蚕的生长发育以及促进蛋白质折叠和介导免疫应答等有密切联系。     

两个黄芪亚种染色体数目与核型分析

前人研究认为膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.）与蒙古黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.var.mongholicus （Bge.）Hsiao）染色体数目为2n=16。本试验采用根尖染色体常规制片方法,观察了膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪种子根尖有丝分裂相。结果显示：膜荚黄芪与蒙古黄芪染色体数目为2n=18,这2种植物各有4条小染色体。膜荚黄芪染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=18=4sm+14m,核型类型为2B型。蒙古黄芪染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=18=6sm+12m,核型类型为2C型。     

Comparison of dietary essential amino acid requirements determined from group‐housed versus individually‐housed juvenile bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus

Two 60‐day experiments were conducted sequentially to determine (i) lysine requirement of juvenile bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus based on the dose–response method, (ii) requirements for other essential amino acids (EAAs) using whole‐body amino acid profile and (iii) whether differences in growth rates of group‐housed versus individually‐housed bluegills lead to different lysine requirement levels because of the presence and absence, respectively, of social hierarchies. Seven, semi‐purified, experimental diets (isonitrogenous, isocaloric) were prepared to contain graded levels of digestible lysine (10–31 g kg⁻¹). Experiment‐1 involved group‐housed bluegills (approximately 27 g, n = 10 fish/chamber, 4 chambers/diet) whereas experiment‐2 involved individually‐housed bluegills (approximately 30 g, n = 1 fish/chamber, 14 chambers/diet). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Bluegill growth responses in both experiments generally improved (P < 0.05, anova ) with increasing dietary lysine levels from 10 to 16 g kg⁻¹, and then levelled off with further increase in lysine level (P > 0.05). Optimal dietary lysine level (digestible basis) was estimated to be 15 g kg⁻¹ based on broken‐line regression analyses of relative growth rate and feed conversion ratio with no differences being observed between the two rearing methods. Determined dietary requirement levels for other EAAs ranged from 2.4 g kg⁻¹ (tryptophan) to 15.3 g kg⁻¹ (leucine).     

Effect of dietary GroBiotic®‐A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora,growth performance,haemato‐serological parameters,survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)

The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic^®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg^?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg^?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg^?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg^?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.     

应用低能离子束将抗菌肽ShivaA基因导入恢复系明恢63的研究(简报)

利用低能离子束介导转基因法于 1993年首次获得成功 ,本研究通过这一技术将抗菌肽ShivaA基因导入水稻恢复系明恢6 3成熟胚中 ,经过诱导愈伤和绿苗分化 ,并再生植株 ,经PCR检测分析证明外源基因已整合到再生植株基因组中。     

延黄牛ALDH1A1基因CDS序列克隆及其在各组织中的表达差异研究

为探索乙醛脱氢酶1A1(acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1,ALDH1A1)基因功能,本试验以16月龄延黄牛母牛为研究对象,屠宰后采集心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、皮下脂肪和背最长肌,提取总RNA。根据GenBank上公布的牛ALDH1A1基因mRNA序列(登录号:NM_174239.2),利用Oligo 7.0软件设计引物,应用RTPCR扩增ALDH1A1基因,将扩增产物连接pMD18-T载体进行克隆测序,获得延黄牛ALDH1A1基因完整CDS序列,应用生物信息学软件分析核苷酸序列及其蛋白结构。以延黄牛不同组织总RNA为模板,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ALDH1A1基因在延黄牛各组织间的表达差异。结果显示,ALDH1A1基因CDS序列全长1 506bp,编码501个氨基酸;延黄牛ALDH1A1基因序列与野牛、牛的同源性最高(≥99.7%),与猫和豹的同源性分别为89.4%和89.6%,符合物种进化规律。ALDH1A1蛋白分子质量为54.805ku,理论等电点为7.16,亲水性较强,占86.4%,酸性氨基酸和碱性氨基酸分别占11.4%和12.2%,属于可溶性蛋白,但不是分泌性蛋白,无典型信号肽切割位点;存在31个氨基酸磷酸化位点(分值>0.5)。延黄牛ALDH1A1蛋白二级结构含有α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角和无规则卷曲,分别占42.12%、16.17%、8.18%和33.53%,与该蛋白三级结构预测结果相同。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,ALDH1A1基因在延黄牛肝脏、胃、皮下脂肪、十二指肠和肾脏组织中极显著表达(P<0.01);在背最长肌中显著表达(P<0.05)。本试验结果为进一步开展延黄牛ALDH1A1基因功能及肉质基因筛选研究提供了参考依据。     

苎麻对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效率研究

通过盆栽试验模拟了砷(As)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)复合污染环境,并研究了复合污染环境下不同As浓度对苎麻生长及其重金属在植株体内吸收、富集和迁移的影响。结果表明,在复合污染情况下,低浓度(≤100 mg/kg)的As对苎麻生长没有显著影响,而高浓度的As可使苎麻植株变矮、叶片易损、分蘖数及生物量减少,但仍能完成正常生理周期并且无严重毒害症状出现。由此表明,苎麻对As/Pb/Zn复合污染土壤具有一定的耐受性。且在试验条件下,苎麻植株对As、Pb、Zn的转运系数分别在0.11~2.43、0.11~1.03和0.59~1.66之间,苎麻地上部对As、Pb、Zn的富集系数分别在0.01~0.45、0.01~0.12和0.17~1.48之间,表明苎麻可作为As、Pb、Zn单一或复合污染土壤修复的植物。     

高产、优质多抗夏播糯高梁商梁七号的选育

商粱七号高粱新杂交种是利用824A细胞质雄性不育系作母本,自育恢复系商恢六号作父本,杂交选育而成。经过两年新组合观察试验,两年华北夏播生态区高粱预备区域试验,产量均居第二位,2009—2010年参加两年的华北夏播生态区高粱区域试验,产量居该试验的第二位;该杂交种淀粉含量高达74．20％,支链淀粉占总淀粉的74．19％,是一个比较理想的酿造专用高粱新品种。