焊接温度对木塑窗扇热熔焊接强度的影响分析

利用四位热熔焊接机对木塑窗扇进行热熔焊接实验,所用窗扇型材是由36%的塑粉（PE）、60%的木粉及偶联剂、抗氧化剂等挤出而成。在焊接过程中,影响热熔焊接强度因素较多,本次试验重点考察焊接温度对窗角焊接的影响。在完成焊接后,通过对木塑窗扇角强度的测试,进行单因素方差分析,并观察焊接接口,结果证明温度对焊接强度具有显著的影响,在240~280℃范围内可实现该木塑窗型材的焊接,理想焊接温度为260℃左右。     

MOOC学习模式对我国高等教育的影响

大规模在线开放课程MOOC(Massive Open Online Course)近年来受到国际教育界的高度关注,在线学习、互动学习、翻转学习、社会化学习等一系列新理念吸引全球众多名校加入到教育改革中。开放式MOOC平台将优质教学资源发布到全社会,对高等教育正在产生着丰富而深远的影响。     

Testing Polarization Measurements with Adjusted View Zenith Angles in Varying Illumination Conditions for Detecting Leaf Orientation of Wheat Canopy

Abstract:

The previous work revealed that the polarization of light reflected from heading wheat canopies allowed the detection of changes in the canopy structure, i.e., the leaf inclination angle. Accordingly, in order to improve measurement accuracy in this study we examined the effects of the solar zenith angle (= 90º–solar elevation) and weather conditions at the time of polarization measurements for the light reflected from wheat canopies that were fertilized by different means. We measured polarization in the 660 nm spectral band from the heading canopies of wheat, which were grown in plots fertilized with a basal dressing and then top-dressed at the jointing and booting stages. The radiometric measurements were carried out at various solar zenith angles: 22º–41º on two proximal days, one overcast and the other clear. An empirical method for the adjustment of view zenith angle, based on the solar position at the time of measurement, was effective for the measurement of the degree of polarization (i.e., ratio of the polarized part of reflected light to the total reflected light energy) to eliminate interference due to the change in solar zenith angle. Although the mean values of polarization degree measured in overcast conditions were significantly lower than those measured under clear conditions, the plots top-dressed at the jointing stage could be detected via the polarized reflected light measured under both conditions of illumination.     

外掺植物纤维对冻融作用下植被混凝土抗剪强度的影响

[目的]研究外掺2种植物纤维对冻融作用下植被混凝土抗剪强度的影响,为植被混凝土生态防护技术在高寒地区的应用提供科学依据。[方法]参考相关标准(GB/T50082-2009)中的慢冻法,采用2因素3水平全面交叉试验开展研究。[结果]未掺植物纤维的植被混凝土,冻融后黏聚力显著减小,内摩擦角变化不明显。掺入植物纤维可使经受5次冻融循环作用后植被混凝土的内摩擦角平均增加5°左右,并且随植物纤维掺量的增加,内摩擦角变化无明显规律,黏聚力则呈先增加后减小的趋势。表明纤维加筋对黏聚力的贡献存在临界掺量。棕纤维掺量对黏聚力的影响比黄麻纤维掺量更为敏感。[结论]外掺植物纤维可有效改善植被混凝土抵抗冻融破坏的能力,棕纤维和黄麻纤维的建议掺入比为0.6%和0.6%,具备推广应用前景。     

切花月季无土容器芽接快繁的定量研究

研究了切花月季无土容器芽接快繁种苗的新方法。研究表明,采用本方法生产切花月季种苗,不仅可以大幅度提高芽接成活率和成苗质量,杜绝根癌病危害,而且可以减轻劳动强度,提高生产效率,延长种苗生产和种苗销售的时间。无土容器芽接快繁的优化定量程序是：１．以直径０．５～０．７ｃｍ的粉团蔷薇新梢节段于盆内集中扦插以繁殖砧木;２．生根砧木双株分盆定植于无土基质中,并使其单个分枝朝向为南向;３．选５小叶腋芽并用大开门芽接法将其接在砧木分枝正下方;４．悉数保留砧木枝叶,并作扭曲折伏处理,摘除其顶芽和腋芽;５．接芽长至２～３ｃｍ时施用高纯度速效全成分营养液。     

基于ANSYS雾化喷嘴流场分析及参数优化

喷嘴是喷雾作业的终端件,也是核心部件之一。喷嘴的锥形面处是流场速度和压力变化的关键部位,喷嘴入口对喷嘴出口流量和速度有很大影响。为此,运用ANSYS软件模拟了液力式雾化喷嘴的内部流场和喷嘴外部雾化场雾滴分布和速度分布情况,对比分析了不同结构参数对喷嘴流场的影响,为喷嘴结构参数的合理选择提供了一定的参考。     

一个水稻散生突变体tag1的遗传分析及基因定位

株型对水稻产量有着重要影响。作为影响株型的重要因素之一,分蘖角度是水稻高产育种上考虑的重要农艺性状。散生突变体tag1(tiller angle 1)在水稻品种台北309转基因后代中被发现。与野生型相比,主要突变表型为分蘖角度和叶夹角显著增大,并伴随株高、穗长、结实率和枝梗数等性状上的变化。遗传分析表明,tag1的突变性状由一对隐性基因控制。利用F2(tag1/明恢63)群体作为定位群体,突变基因被定位在第11染色体长臂In Del标记AC35795和M7之间,遗传距离分别为0.38 c M和0.95 c M。在该区间内存在一个已被克隆的控制水稻分蘖角度的基因LAZY1。测序比对分析发现,突变体的TAG1存在一个119 bp的缺失,包括第4个外显子50 bp,第4个内含子69 bp,及二者间的剪切位点。因此TAG1是LAZY1的一个新的等位基因,重新命名为LAZY1-2。lazy1和tag1在突变表型上存在一定差异,这可能是LAZY1基因序列的突变位点不同造成的。     

4种常见淡水养殖鱼类目标强度测定与差异分析

鱼类目标强度(target strength)的测量是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。2015年6―10月,在小型水槽内使用Bio Sonics DT-X(199kHz)科学探鱼仪发射水平声波,测量了4种共29尾不同鳔室结构的淡水养殖鱼类体侧向及背腹向(180°范围)的目标强度,并拍摄X光影像以了解鱼体鳔室结构及特征。其中瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)7尾、鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)9尾、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)6尾、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)7尾。结果显示,单体鱼目标强度与声波入射角度具有cos三次方函数关系,体侧向与背腹向上最大目标强度均出现于鱼体主轴垂直于入射声波时,最小目标强度出现于头尾方向朝向声波时,与最大目标强度相差10dB。不同种鱼类体侧向平均目标强度略大于背腹向0.5~5dB。单室鳔鱼类目标强度比相近体长的两室鳔鱼类小。对4种鱼类的目标强度与鱼体相关生物学指标进行主成分分析,体侧向与背腹向目标强度主要受体长、鳔长和鳔长/鳔高值的影响较大。通过目标强度与实验鱼全长、体长、体重的线性回归,获得体侧和背腹入射方向目标强度与3个生物学参数的关系式。本研究通过分析不同鳔室形态鱼种的回波特征差异,辅助判别长江内常见鱼类(如瓦氏黄颡鱼、鱖鱼、鲫鱼等)的声学信号,结果对于淡水水域水平原位监测时分析评估资源量相关参数具有参考意义。     

Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.     

Basic handling characteristics of wood fuels: Angle of repose,friction against surfaces and tendency to bridge for different assortments

Basic handling characteristics were measured for sawdust, fuel pellets, fuel chips, hog fuel and chunkwood. The aim was to find relations between the basic handling characteristics and easily measurable fuel properties to facilitate the design of feeding systems in heating plants. The angle of repose was 25–55° and increased with the increasing ratio of particle length to thickness and with the increasing content of hooked or long particles. The angle of static friction, 10–40°, was affected more by the kind of surface than the fuel and followed the ascending order: coated plywood, urethane rubber, particle board, stainless steel, concrete and rubber belt conveyor. The tendency to bridge varied considerably and increased with greater content of hooked or long particles, a deeper fuel bed depth over the opening and a higher moisture content. The results indicate that more attention should be paid to the particle shape.