入射角度对气力射播小麦种粒入土参数影响的试验研究

针对稻麦轮作区黏湿土壤条件下的小麦机械化播种,为避免传统接触式小麦播种技术存在的粘附堵塞严重和作业阻力、功耗大等问题,该文采用非接触式小麦气力射播技术理论,通过自制的小麦气力射播试验台,开展整洁种床土壤条件下入射角度对气力射播小麦种粒入土参数影响的试验研究。试验结果表明:随着入射角度的增加,相同加速气压下小麦种粒的射播速度垂直分量和射播深度不断增加,小麦种粒触土后产生水平滑移和弹跳的几率变小,且各入射角度下射播深度与射播速度呈正相关关系,不同入射角度下小麦种粒呈现出不同射播深度和土壤冲击效果,小麦种粒未产生损坏情况;当入射角度≥45°和射播速度垂直分量≥25 m/s时,小麦种粒可被完全射播入土壤中且出苗率大于86%,90°入射角度下的射播效果最好。同时,为实现田间作业时小麦种粒的垂直射播入土,应使射播速度水平分量与机具作业速度相等且射播速度垂直分量≥25m/s。试验结果可为非接触式小麦射播装备的研制提供基础数据和技术支撑。     

Is PLOS ONE Attracting Highly Cited Papers in the Food Sciences? Comparing Authors' Most Cited Work to Their PLOS ONE Articles Published 2006–2016

Since 2007, the Open Access journal PLOS ONE has published 194,622 expert-reviewed scientific papers, including 85 related to the human food sciences such as food safety, general food science, and nutrition. Seventy-five of their corresponding authors had previously published. Their most cited articles in other journals were identified and citation counts compared against those earned by their PLOS ONE papers. No PLOS ONE food sciences paper has yet been cited more than an author's best effort in the field in other journals. More than half (38) of the 75 PLOS ONE papers studied remain uncited even by their own authors.     

倾斜圆盘勺式精密排种器投种过程分析

以种子几何形状和尺寸的变化为基础，分析了倾斜圆盘勺式精密排种器的结构参数和工作参数对实际投种角的影响以及相邻两粒种子在投种过程中的时间间隔偏差，进而建立了种子在种床内粒距实际分布的数学模型。分析结果表明，种子的几何尺寸、投种轮的高度、播种机的前进速度和投种轮的直径影响投种时种子运动的速度和方向，从而导致实际粒距的变化。为保证排种器顺利投种，建立了投种口长度与排种器参数间关系和参数组合的限制条件。     

2BF-9型化肥深施播种机的设计

设计了一种适应前茬为大豆、玉米、水稻等作物,进行化肥深施的谷物播种机。该机采用联合作业方式,开沟器为自行开发的锐角开沟器,先施肥、后下种,种肥垂直距离50mm左右。田间试验表明,该机工作性能良好,防堵效果显著,可进行常规播种及硬茬播种。     

基于椭球函数的棉花叶倾角分布动态模

根据试验资料,在系统分析棉花冠层叶倾角时空分布规律的基础上,将整个生育期分为4个生长阶段,并利用高斯五点距离法将冠层分为5层,用椭球分布函数模拟不同生育阶段、不同高度层上的叶倾角分布密度.模型能较全面地反映整个生育期冠层不同高度上的叶倾角分布情况,且方便用于分层的光合作用模型.利用不同播期的试验资料对模型进行验证,叶倾角频率分布的模拟结果与1:1直线之间的决定系数R2和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.945和6.3%,表明模型具有较好的预测性和实用性.     

Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.     

脱涡致振式压电风力发电机性能分析与试验

为满足农业遥感监测系统的供电需求,减少化学电池对水和土壤的污染,提出一种脱涡致振式压电风力发电机,并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究。建立了脱涡致振式压电风力发电机的理论模型,通过仿真分析研究迎风角、压电振子长度及风速对压电振子变形量的影响,并对发电机样机进行了测试试验。结果表明,不同风速下均存在两个最佳迎风角,使发电机输出电压较大,压电振子长度为60、78mm,风速为7.6、11.6、12.4m/s时的两个最佳迎风角分别为(35°,135°)、(45°,125°)、(50°,120°)和(35°,120°)、(40°,115°)、(45°,110°)。当迎风角为120°时,存在最佳风速,使发电机输出电压达到最大;随着压电振子长度的增加,最佳风速由12.4m/s降低到8.4m/s,其对应的最大输出电压由16.6V增加为16.8V。当外接电阻为150kΩ、迎风角为30°时,试验测得最大输出功率为1mW。研究表明,根据实际风速确定合理的迎风角及压电振子长度可提高发电机的发电能力。     

驱动圆盘犁的研究与设计

驱动圆盘犁对土堡侧面和底部的土壤进行旋转滑切,将土垡底部的土壤由沟底撕裂开形成土垡,并利用圆盘的旋转将土垡抬升并翻转.为此,以研究驱动圆盘犁为目标,分析了驱动圆盘犁各几何参数和工作参数对其工作过程的影响,为驱动圆盘犁的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.通过理论分析,阐明了驱动圆盘犁的运动学特性,推导了残耕高度的计算公式.     

开放获取——促进水产科技文献交流与共享的有效途径

论述了科技文献开放存取产生的背景和中文科技文献开放获取的现状,分析了水产科技文献开放获取的必要性和可行性。中文开放获取科技文献的发布形式主要有电子版科技期刊、e-印本文献网站和专业机构数据库,其中电子科技期刊数量最多。根据在因特网上的搜索结果,截至2007年11月,通过因特网可免费查阅全文的中文科技期刊有475种,与上一年的搜索结果相比增加了80种;以《2007年版中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》收录的1723种核心期刊为基础,将其中与水产科学相关的期刊进行分类统计,对开放获取期刊和非开放获取期刊的总被引频次和影响因子进行比较分析,结果显示:开放获取期刊的总被引频次和影响因子明显高于非开放获取期刊。认为水产科技文献信息的出版发布应该积极采取开放获取的策略,此举对促进国内水产科技文献交流共享,提升水产科技期刊影响力和渔业科技创新具有重要作用。     

Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.