汽车电动助力转向系统回正特性控制逻辑分析

以汽车转向系转向特性为研究对象和目标,为了探讨汽车转向回正特性对汽车行驶安全和操纵稳定性的影响,降低驾驶员施加于方向盘的转向力矩,并使驾驶员获得良好的路感,改善汽车转向系的回正特性,提出了一种电动助力转向系统回正控制算法以提高转向盘的回正特性,开发了一种基于转向盘转角估计的PID控制策略.为了分析获得汽车转向回正特性和回正控制逻辑,通过分析和物理模型简化建立了电动助力转向系统的动力学模型,并根据建立的模型,对提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析,结果表明此控制策略可提高转向盘的回正特性和稳定性,利于提高汽车行驶的安全性和操纵稳定性.     

杨树微纤丝角的变异及其与木材性质的相关关系

微纤丝角为细胞次生壁S2层微纤丝排列方向与细胞主轴所形成的夹角,与木材的物理性质、力学性质和化学性质都有着直接的关系。应用x射线衍射法测定了7个杨树无性系(14株样木)胸径处各年轮的微纤丝角,并对应分析和测定了各年轮的木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量。研究结果表明,杨树微纤丝角在年轮间存在显著差异,其径向变异规律为从髓心向外以微纤丝角逐渐降低,年轮间的平均微纤丝角在7.8旱?8褐洌荒静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾吭谀曷旨湟泊嬖谙灾钜臁O喙胤治霰砻鳎⑾怂拷怯肽静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾看嬖谙灾母合喙毓叵??0.01),相关系数分别为-0.450、-0.586、-0.516和-0.660。回归分析结果表明,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角与所测定的木材性质的关系,相关系数均在-0.45以上(n=125)。本文的研究结果认为,在今后针对杨树材性改良的育种计划中,微纤丝角是一个重要的选育和改良指标。图3表3参34。     

大型烟囱垂直度偏差的测量方法

大型烟囱一般是工业厂区的高耸建筑,经过几十年的使用,需要重新鉴定其结构可靠性,烟囱的垂直度,是一个很重要的安全指标。由于烟囱为圆形截面,不能直接测量,而且工业厂区内建筑较多,通视条件较差,给测量带来很多困难。通过测量烟囱上下两个标高处的外轮廓水平角度,换算出上下标高处的相对水平偏移角,再用角度交汇方法求出最终偏移值,经过精度分析,完全满足工程精度要求。本文以上海某大型烟囱为例,提出了对已有烟囱垂直度偏差的检测方法,以用于大型服役烟囱的监测。     

切花月季无土容器芽接快繁的定量研究

研究了切花月季无土容器芽接快繁种苗的新方法。研究表明,采用本方法生产切花月季种苗,不仅可以大幅度提高芽接成活率和成苗质量,杜绝根癌病危害,而且可以减轻劳动强度,提高生产效率,延长种苗生产和种苗销售的时间。无土容器芽接快繁的优化定量程序是：１．以直径０．５～０．７ｃｍ的粉团蔷薇新梢节段于盆内集中扦插以繁殖砧木;２．生根砧木双株分盆定植于无土基质中,并使其单个分枝朝向为南向;３．选５小叶腋芽并用大开门芽接法将其接在砧木分枝正下方;４．悉数保留砧木枝叶,并作扭曲折伏处理,摘除其顶芽和腋芽;５．接芽长至２～３ｃｍ时施用高纯度速效全成分营养液。     

一种应用型角规设计

针对常用自平杆式角规在实践中出现的小轴转动迟滞和指标拉杆阻滞等问题,遵循角规测树原理,贯彻工业品绿色设计理念和人性化设计理念,提出一种应用型角规测器。设计的角规测器较自平杆式角规更便携耐用。     

筒式结构拆除的力学分析

根据力学原理，分析讨论了钢筋混凝土筒式结构定向倾倒的切口高度和切口角度．     

快速检测木材微纤丝角的近红外光谱分析技术

介绍了一种新的测量木材微纤丝角的无损检测技术--近红外光谱分析,并详细阐述了测量时木材样品的选择及制备,测量工作包括X射线衍射和近红外光谱采集、多变量数据分析与模型建立的方法及步骤.证明了近红外光谱分析技术可以用于快速准确地预测木材的微纤丝角.     

Surface energy of preservative-treated southern yellow pine (Pinus spp.) by contact angle measurement

In this study, the contact angles of four different reference liquids (including distilled water, diiodomethane, formadide and glycerol) formed on the surfaces of wood, treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and two other emerging copper-based water-borne systems (commercial names: NW and NS) were measured with sessile drop method. Based on the contact angle data, the surface energy was obtained from the acid-base approach. The total surface energy consisted of Lifshiz-van der Waals parameter and acid-base parameter. Results showed that the NW and CCA treatments made the wood surface more hydrophobic while the NS treatment had the reverse effect on the wood surface mainly owing to the increased penetration of earlywood. By using three liquids, diiodomethane, formamide and distilled water, the total surface energy obtained for untreated earlywood, untreated latewood, CCA-treated earlywood, CCA-treated latewood, NW-treated earlywood, NW-treated latewood, NS-treated earlywood and NS-treated latewood were 43.1, 44.5, 43.4, 45.1, 49.4, 40.6, 46.0 and 40.9 mJ/m², respectively. The surface energy of CCA-treated wood was almost the same as untreated wood. After NW and NS treatments, the surface energy of both earlywood and latewood changed a little. However, the change was not so obvious as to draw any further conclusion concerning the influence of NW and NS treatments on the surface energy of wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(4): 1–4 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

Tangential and radial shrinkage variation within trees in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) cultivars

The transverse shrinkage variation within trees was examined for five sugi cultivars. The within-tree trends of tangential shrinkage (α _T) were different by cultivar, whereas radial shrinkage (α _R) increased from pith to bark in most cultivars. The tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (α _T/α _R) decreased from pith to bark in most cultivars, because the radial variation of α _R was larger than that of α _T. The cultivars showed significant differences among cultivars in α _T, α _R, and α _T/α _R, but the difference among cultivars for α _T/α _R was smaller. The relationships between transverse shrinkage and microfi bril angle (MFA), basic density (BD), tree ring parameters, and modulus of elasticity were examined. The α _T and α _R showed positive relationships with BD, latewood percentage, latewood density, and modulus of elasticity, and negative relationships with MFA and ring width. The relationships with earlywood density were weak. Sugi exhibited variation in transverse shrinkage within stem and among cultivars, with the variation affected by MFA, density, and tree ring parameters. Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006, and the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, August 2007     

广西大明山云贵山茉莉林的空间结构

利用混交度、大小比数和角尺度分析广西大明山云贵山茉莉林的空间结构。结果表明：云贵山茉莉林林分的树种空间配置以中、强度混交为主,优势树种云贵山茉莉多呈单种聚集;林木大小比数随胸径的增大呈迅速减小的趋势,小径阶林木多明显受压。中径木处于中庸状态,大径木占优势地位;林分整体和多数径阶的林木分布格局属聚集分布。