焊接温度对木塑窗扇热熔焊接强度的影响分析

利用四位热熔焊接机对木塑窗扇进行热熔焊接实验,所用窗扇型材是由36%的塑粉（PE）、60%的木粉及偶联剂、抗氧化剂等挤出而成。在焊接过程中,影响热熔焊接强度因素较多,本次试验重点考察焊接温度对窗角焊接的影响。在完成焊接后,通过对木塑窗扇角强度的测试,进行单因素方差分析,并观察焊接接口,结果证明温度对焊接强度具有显著的影响,在240~280℃范围内可实现该木塑窗型材的焊接,理想焊接温度为260℃左右。     

露地栽培条件下大白菜氮肥投入阈值研究

通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮量对大白菜产量、氮肥利用率、硝态氮残留量的影响。结果表明,施氮对大白菜有显著的增产作用,但随着施氮量的增加产量变化不大,产量对施氮量的反应呈平台模式。氮肥利用率在3.3%-12.6%,并且随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在施氮量为656.4 kg/hm^2（纯氮300 kg/hm^2＋有机肥12 000 kg/hm^2）时,氮肥利用率和作物产量最高。合理控制氮肥用量会促进作物对土壤氮素的吸收。施氮可明显提高0-180 cm剖面土壤NO3--N的累积量,残留的NO3--N的分布随施氮量的增加而显著增加,并且随施氮量的增加残留深度下移,表现出明显的底层累积。各处理土壤氮均集中在0-100 cm土层中,100 cm土层以下,各处理氮含量渐趋一致。综合不同施氮量对大白菜产量以及环境指标的影响,在本试验肥力水平下,大白菜氮肥投入阈值为656.4 kg/hm^2（纯氮300 kg/hm^2＋有机肥12 000 kg/hm^2）时,能够兼顾作物高产与环境安全。     

稳态工况下横摆角速度与侧倾角的关系分析

在分别建立转向、悬架和轮胎数学模型的基础上,理论推导出横摆角速度与侧倾角的相互关系,分析了角阶跃输入下路面附着系数和车速对转向的影响,刻画了不同车速和前轮转角下横摆角速度与侧倾角的变化过程,通过分析总结出两者之间的稳态值变化规律。仿真和试验结果表明,试验与仿真的结果相吻合,验证了仿真的正确性,为侧向和垂向动力学的集成控制研究提供了理论参考。     

带可调进口导叶轴流泵装置水力性能数值分析

根据轴流泵进口导叶片的设计要求,设计了可调进口导叶并开展了不同安放角进口导叶轴流泵装置的三维定常数值计算,获取了进口导叶对轴流泵装置水力性能调节的综合特性曲线,建立了带可调进口导叶轴流泵装置水力性能预测的多元非线性回归预测数学模型。依据数值计算结果和速度三角形分析了可调进口导叶对转轮及轴流泵装置水力性能的影响,结果表明:在进口导叶安放角0°时,相比不带可调进口导叶的轴流泵装置,在高效区及小流量工况时带进口导叶泵装置的能量性能变化很小,大流量工况时进口导叶的水力损失较大进而导致带进口导叶泵装置的效率下降幅度较大。随进口导叶安放角由0°逐渐向正角度增大时,泵装置的最优工况向小流量方向偏移,泵装置的流量效率曲线呈现出整体下降的趋势;随进口导叶安放角由0°逐渐向负角度减小时,泵装置的最高效率先增大后减小,但泵装置的最高效率点对应的流量未发生改变。     

MOOC学习模式对我国高等教育的影响

大规模在线开放课程MOOC(Massive Open Online Course)近年来受到国际教育界的高度关注,在线学习、互动学习、翻转学习、社会化学习等一系列新理念吸引全球众多名校加入到教育改革中。开放式MOOC平台将优质教学资源发布到全社会,对高等教育正在产生着丰富而深远的影响。     

Testing Polarization Measurements with Adjusted View Zenith Angles in Varying Illumination Conditions for Detecting Leaf Orientation of Wheat Canopy

Abstract:

The previous work revealed that the polarization of light reflected from heading wheat canopies allowed the detection of changes in the canopy structure, i.e., the leaf inclination angle. Accordingly, in order to improve measurement accuracy in this study we examined the effects of the solar zenith angle (= 90º–solar elevation) and weather conditions at the time of polarization measurements for the light reflected from wheat canopies that were fertilized by different means. We measured polarization in the 660 nm spectral band from the heading canopies of wheat, which were grown in plots fertilized with a basal dressing and then top-dressed at the jointing and booting stages. The radiometric measurements were carried out at various solar zenith angles: 22º–41º on two proximal days, one overcast and the other clear. An empirical method for the adjustment of view zenith angle, based on the solar position at the time of measurement, was effective for the measurement of the degree of polarization (i.e., ratio of the polarized part of reflected light to the total reflected light energy) to eliminate interference due to the change in solar zenith angle. Although the mean values of polarization degree measured in overcast conditions were significantly lower than those measured under clear conditions, the plots top-dressed at the jointing stage could be detected via the polarized reflected light measured under both conditions of illumination.     

Influence of growth ring angle,adhesive system and viscosity on the shear strength of adhesive bonds

Abstract

To investigate the influence of growth ring angle, adhesive system and viscosity on the bonding properties of adhesive bonds, shear tension tests according to DIN EN 302-1 (2004) were conducted using one-component moisture-curing polyurethane, polyvinylacetate and urea-formaldehyde. Significant differences between the systems could be detected, which were reflected in the predominant failure behaviour for each system. Specimens showing wood failure were influenced mainly by the wood factors, whereas samples which had failed in the adhesive part of the bond differed only in the adhesive properties. The growth ring angle showed the same tendencies as it does in plain wood. Therefore, to gain more information on the adhesive performance in the bond, a loading along the LT plane seems more appropriate for beech wood used in DIN EN 302-1 (2004).     

Cytokinin and gibberellin delay regreening of spathe tissue of Zantedeschia ‘Best Gold’

Spathe regreening is a primary determinant limiting the postharvest quality for most hybrids of Zantedeschia, e.g. ‘Best Gold’, wherein the spathe commences regreening approximately two days after it is fully open. To identify an effective method to postpone the regreening, several synthetic plant hormones were evaluated for their influence on changes in color during regreening of discs excised from the spathe of ‘Best Gold’. The tested synthetic plant hormones included 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), zeatin, N₁-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N₃-phenylurea (CPPU) and GA₃ at concentrations up to 0.1 mM. A concentration of BAP at 0.5 mM resulted in phytotoxicity symptoms on discs. Subsequently, the effect of a combination of BAP and GA₃ on the regreening was examined. Application of the cytokinins (in particular BAP at 0.1 mM) or GA₃ alone resulted in a one to five day delay in regreening on the spathe tissue. The most effective treatment in delaying regreening was from the simultaneous application of GA₃ and BAP in a ratio of 1:1 (v:v) at 0.1 mM, wherein regreening was delayed for more than ten days. This treatment was then tested on the entire inflorescence, resulting in a delay in regreening for between seven and eight days.     

复测角规样本估计蓄积生长量的新方法

角规是一种效率高的测树方法。但用常规角规方法测林分蓄积生长量,在前后两期计数木相同的情况下,断面积生长量为0;如前后期计数木不同,则每相差一株计数木,对单位面积断面积和蓄积的生长量影响颇大。这种跳跃式变化往往不符合林分生长实际,从而影响这一方法的推广采用。为此,曾提出过许多其他用角规测林分蓄积生长量的方法。这些方法可概括分为两类。一类是直接方法,其前后两期都计数的保留木对林分蓄积生长量贡献很小,其断面积生长量为0,蓄积生长仅是形高生长。保留木断面积生长量     

用新思路建设和管理实验室

科学技术和高等教育的发展，促使我们努力以新思路建设实验室、以高水平管理实验室。把握实验技术发展的动向才能保证实验室建设和实验教学内容的先进性。营造良好的开放式实验教学环境和条件是培养跨世纪人才关键。教学资源的信息化、网络化管理已纳入到我们的管理工作之中。