西南岩溶区水土流失与石漠化动态评价研究

以西南滇黔桂水土流失及石漠化遥感数据为例,并分别以我国西南岩溶区土壤侵蚀分级标准和国家林业局关于石漠化程度的界定标准为依据,运用层次分析法确定权重值,建立基于面积和权重的水土流失综合指数(WSL-CI)和石漠化综合指数(KDI),对西南滇黔桂水土流失强度与石漠化程度进行了动态研究。结果表明:西南各区的水土流失强度在总体上有减弱的趋势,而石漠化程度均有上升的趋势,这主要与水土流失强度和石漠化程度关系的复杂性、阶段性,岩溶区水土流失的隐蔽性和岩溶区水土流失解译结果存在误差有关。     

以发展创造教育为导向 改革部队教育评价体系

传统的教育评价体系一定程度上阻碍了创造教育的实施,因此探索与创造教育相适应的评价体系将成为时代之必须。本文基于部队院校评价现状,在学习借鉴当今世界最新的评价理念和总结已有研究成果的基础上,从评价机构和评价指标和评价法方面,提出与部队院校相适应的创造教育评价体系。     

基于AHP法的郑州城市公园康养景观评价

以郑州市人民公园为对象,应用层次分析法,通过6个准则层因素和30个指标层因素来研究影响城市公园康养景观的重要景观因素。结果表明:1）准则层的权重由大到小排序为:安全性B₁（0.355 0）、健康性B₂（0.232 0）、生态性B₅（0.150 3）、人文关怀B₆（0.133 6）、便捷性B₄（0.082 8）、舒适性B₃（0.046 4）;2）指标层的重要性程度中最高值和最低值分别为:B₁的空间布局的安全性（0.359 2）、植物品种的安全性（0.061 5）,B₂的疾病预防（0.448 1）、增强体力（0.072 2）,B₃的空间尺度的舒适性（0.333 7）、色彩的舒适性（0.030 2）,B₄的空间的可达性（0.473 2）、交通的合理性（0.122 0）,B₅的景观多样性（0.479 6）、物种多样性（0.115 0）,B₆的无障碍设施的人性化（0.481 3）、标识系统的人性化（0.097 9）;3）人民公园的综合评分为3.689 7,评级为“良”。该研究为今后科学系统地进行城市公园康养景观评价提供参考依据。     

A new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method for cold‐water coral gardens

1. Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
2. Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
3. This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
4. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
5. Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m². Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
6. The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.

     

浅析区域生态环境质量评价

区域生态环境是一个开放的巨系统。由于生态环境质量评价是一项系统的研究工程,本文将从区域生态环境的内涵、指标体系和评价方法三方面的研究成果做出系统的阐述,最后探讨区域生态环境质量评价中出现的新趋势。     

黑土区基准坡长和LS算法对地形因子的影响

该文结合小区实测坡长资料及Mc Cool数据,对地形因子算法中涉及的基准坡长影响和不同算法计算值的特征进行了讨论。研究表明,在坡长较小的情况下,20和22.13 m基准坡长计算得到的坡长因子相差不大,但随着坡度增加,在坡长指数的复合影响下,两者的差异渐趋增大。理论分析表明,坡长指数采用与坡度相关的变值更为合理。通过与实测数据对比发现,修正版通用土壤侵蚀模型(RUSLE)算法中的坡长因子与其更为接近,结合与Mc Cool数据的对比分析表明,研究区坡长指数更适合细沟和细沟间侵蚀比率中等的情形,或者采用RUSLE模型算法计算得到。同时研究发现,张宪奎算法、Moore算法、Desmet算法和B?hner算法计算得到的LS因子值都要比参照值小,而且4种算法与参照值的接近程度依次降低。空间分布特征而言,栅格累计算法总体较为破碎,并在平直坡面出现较多平行分布条带,而含有面积指标的其他3种算法则总体呈现光滑连续特性,但有无数据区域的存在。该结果对于研究区土壤侵蚀模型地形因子算法选择具有一定的现实意义。     

白鱼属鱼类一新种及其营养成份

本文对路南金线白鱼新种作了详细描记，新种体背体侧上方有3条金色带可与该属所有种相区别。文中对其营养成分作了分析，结果表明路南金线白鱼是营养价值很高的优质鱼种，现该物种已处于濒临灭绝状态，应加强保护。     

生态居住区评价指标体系研究

综述了国内外生态居住区评价指标体系的研究现状及评价指标体系构建中凸显的问题,并就评价指标的选取和体系的构建过程提出了不因地域不同的确定评价因子的筛选,及从景观安全格局出发的生态居住区整个生命周期的演替过程的评价体系理论。     

Screening potatoes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) under field conditions

Summary Late blight incidence under natural epiphytotic conditions was recorded on 270 potato germplasm accessions for three years. Replication effect was non-significant, whereas genotype and year effects were significant for AUDPC (area under disease progress curve). Disease incidence on the second date of observation (when the control had almost completely blighted) accounted for 85 to 96 percent of the variation in AUDPC. Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficients between AUDPC and disease incidence grades scored on 1–9 and 1–5 scales (on second date of observation) based on the means of three years data were similar to those calculated based on the means of any two years. It is concluded that grading the accessions based on discrete scales at an appropriate single date for two years in a non-replicated trial would be sufficient robust to broadly group accessions into different levels of resistance to late blight. Ten accessions were found to be highly resistant.     

2016—2020年国内玉米青贮品质分析

为了解不同年份以及不同地区玉米青贮的品质,本试验于2016年1月—2020年12月采集东北(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁)、华北(天津、河北、内蒙古、山东)、西北(宁夏、新疆、甘肃)地区的玉米青贮样本4281份,采用化学分析法测定不同地区青贮玉米的水分、粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗脂肪(E...