美系杜洛克种猪体尺、体重测定与体型评定研究

统计分析了2001年引进的新美系杜洛克种猪及繁殖后代在6月龄、12月龄、24月龄和36月龄四个阶段的体尺、体重数据，结合品种特征、体型外貌总结研究出杜洛克种猪的百分制评分及等级标准。     

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Sweet Potato Meal (Ipomoea batatas L.) Diets

Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers.     

M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE VALUES IN CATS IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE

Thirty-five young cats were studied by echocardiography from the 2nd to 12th weeks of life to analyze correlation between body weight, body surface area, age and heart rate with fourteen echocardiographic parameters. There was a positive linear correlation (r = 0.49-0.78) between the independent variables (body weight, body surface area, age) and left ventricular wall thickness and diameter, aortic diameter and left atrial diameter, whereas there was a negative correlation (r = -0.39 and r = -0.43) between the heart rate and left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole. No linear dependence of the fractional shortening, ejection fraction, percentage thickening of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, LA/AO ratio, and the ratio IVSED/LVWED to the independent variables was observed.     

晋汾白猪ApoA5基因单倍型与体重和肉质性状的相关性分析

试验旨在探究晋汾白猪载脂蛋白A5（apolipoprotein A5,ApoA5）基因的单倍型与体重和肉质性状的相关性。选取180头晋汾白猪为研究群体,利用PCR技术检测ApoA5基因的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）,并采用Haploview软件分析这些SNP位点的连锁不平衡程度;筛选非完全连锁的SNP位点,构建不同的ApoA5基因单倍型,统计不同单倍型的基因频率,并通过SPSS软件分析不同ApoA5基因单倍型与晋汾白猪体重和肉质性状的相关性,鉴定优良性状的ApoA5基因单倍型。结果显示,晋汾白猪ApoA5基因共检测到21个SNPs位点,其中5个完全连锁单倍型块,分别包含5、2、3、4和2个SNPs位点;另外10个非完全连锁的标签SNP组合成不同的ApoA5基因单倍型,其中Hap 1的基因频率最高,达到46.7%,远高于其他单倍型;ApoA5基因单倍型与晋汾白猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重、肌内脂肪含量、剪切力和滴水损失均具有明显的相关性,而与pH_{24 h}没有明显的相关性;ApoA5基因Hap 11晋汾白猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄体重和肌内脂肪含量均最高,且剪切力最低,滴水损失也相对较低;Hap 6的初生重最低;Hap 2的断奶重和6月龄体重均最低;Hap 3的肌内脂肪含量最低,剪切力最高;Hap 10的滴水损失最高。晋汾白猪ApoA5基因Hap 11属于优良性状单倍型,是一个具有优良性状的分子标记,可以用于晋汾白猪的分子育种,提高选种效率。     

Genetic analysis on body weight at different ages in broiler chicken raised in commercial environment

A multivariate model was developed and used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight (BW) at 1–6 weeks of age of broilers raised in a commercial environment. The development of model was based on the predictive ability of breeding values evaluated from a cross-validation procedure that relied on half-sib correlation. The multivariate model accounted for heterogeneous variances between sexes through standardization applied to male and female BWs differently. It was found that the direct additive genetic, permanent environmental maternal and residual variances for BW increased drastically as broilers aged. The drastic increase in variances over weeks of age was mainly due to scaling effects. The ratio of the permanent environmental maternal variance to phenotypic variance decreased gradually with increasing age. Heritability of BW traits ranged from 0.28 to 0.33 at different weeks of age. The direct genetic effects on consecutive weekly BWs had high genetic correlations (0.85–0.99), but the genetic correlations between early and late BWs were low (0.32–0.57). The difference in variance components between sexes increased with increasing age. In conclusion, the permanent environmental maternal effect on broiler chicken BW decreased with increasing age from weeks 1 to 6. Potential bias of the model that considered identical variances for sexes could be reduced when heterogeneous variances between sexes are accounted for in the model.     

法氏囊活性肽对鸡体增重及饲料转化率的影响

把不同剂量的法氏囊活性肽 (BS)冻干粉与传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)活苗混合后 ,对 2 1日龄SPF鸡滴鼻点眼 ,同时另选一批同样生长状态的鸡 ,在颈部皮下接种IBD细胞毒油苗 ,同时肌肉注射上述不同剂量法氏囊活性肽 ,观察法氏囊活性肽对鸡生长性能的影响。结果发现 :免疫后7d ,活苗 0 2mLBS组增长最快 ,比免疫对照组多增 82 5 % ,并且饲料报酬高。但从整个试验期看 ,0 4mLBS组增重效果较好 ,比免疫对照组多增 1 9 8% ,并且有较高的饲料转化率。而肌肉注射BS组中 ,高剂量 (0 8mL)BS组的增重效果一直很好 ,比对照组总增重平均多增 7 2 3 % ,并有较高的饲料报酬。这说明滴鼻点眼或是肌肉注射 ,BS都有促生长的作用     

鲁西茌平长毛兔生长发育及产毛量研究

对选育出的鲁西平长毛兔核心群１００只种兔的生长发育及产毛量进行了研究。结果表明,成年公、母兔体重分别为４．５９ｋｇ和５．１５ｋｇ,成年公、母兔年产毛量分别为１３３１．９７ｇ和１３８８．１２ｇ;体尺、体重、单次剪毛量间均吾极显著的正相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,其中以体长与单次剪毛量的相关系数最大,为０．８１１６（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

冬季羔羊舍饲育肥中应用膨润土的试验研究

在玉米秸为主的日粮中每头添加膨润土１６ｇ／ｄ和羟甲基尿素２０ｇ／ｄ进行羔羊快速育肥试验。结果表明,羔羊日增重由对照组的６５．００ｇ提高到试验组的１２０．６３ｇ,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料转化效率提高４６．０１％。４０ｄ后羔羊瘤胃液ｐＨ值明显降低。膨润土能改善羔羊瘤胃消化代谢并促进羔羊生长。     

四种实验动物脏器质量系数的测定

对鲤鱼、蟾蜍、家鸡、家兔四种动物主要内脏器官进行称量并对脏器系数进行测定,对同类动物不同性别间脏器系数的差异和各脏器系数之间的大小进行了比较。结果表明,鲤鱼、蟾蜍和家兔各脏器质量,雌雄间无明显差异,但家鸡部分脏器质量雌雄间有明显差异。家鸡的脏器系数(肝脏除外),雄性明显高于雌性(P<0.05),鲤鱼和蟾蜍的肾脏系数性别差异显著(P<0.05)。四种动物的心脏系数:家鸡>蟾蜍>家兔>鲤鱼;肝脏系数:家兔>蟾蜍>家鸡;肺脏系数:蟾蜍>家鸡>家兔;脾脏系数:鲤鱼>家鸡>家兔>蟾蜍;肾脏系数:家鸡>家兔>蟾蜍>鲤鱼。由此可见,动物的脏器系数的大小与其进化水平有一定的相关性。     

微卫星标记与考力代羊体重体尺性状遗传关系研究

本试验用单标记法研究考力代绵羊1号染色体ILSTS004~CSSM004和BM6506~MCM130之间的12个微卫星位点ILSTS004、MCMA008、MNS0094、CSSM004、BM6505、BMS4008、CSRD0298、TGLA415、BM8246、RM0509、URB0038、MCM0130,与其绵羊初生重、断奶重、体重(8月龄)、体高、体长、胸围、管围的遗传关系,结果ILSTS004位点不同基因型对初生重影响极显著(P<0·01)、对体重影响显著(P<0·05),CSSM004位点对体长影响显著(P<0·05),其余位点对体重等性状无显著影响(P>0·05)。其中,ILSTS004位点:基因型101099个体的初生重显著高于基因型095093(P<0·05),基因型101099个体的体重显著高于基因型103103(P<0·05);CSSM004基因型196196个体的体长显著大于基因型202202(P<0·05)。提示在1号染色体微卫星位点ILSTS004附近可能存在影响绵羊初生重、体重的数量性状位点(QTL),ILSTS004可作为其遗传标记之一;在CSSM004附近可能存在影响体长的QTL,CSSM004可作为其遗传标记之一。