三江源区牦牛冷季补饲效果研究

两个月的试验结果表明,补饲精料对减少牦牛冷季掉膘有明显作用。8月龄牦牛补饲精料试验组比对照组少减重2.81kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。20月龄补饲精料牦牛试验组比对照组少重2.19kg,两者之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过计算投产比得出,补饲精料是增加三江源区牦牛冷季营养供给,减少掉膘,提高生产效率的有效途径。     

‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体质量、体尺和羽绒产量测定及相关分析

为研究‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体重和体尺对羽绒产量的影响,为扬州鹅的选育提供依据,以70日龄罗扬鹅(L×Y)、卡扬鹅(K×Y)、浙扬鹅(Z×Y)和扬扬鹅(Y×Y)4个鹅群体为试验素材,测定其70日龄体质量、体尺及产绒性能并进行相关分析。结果表明:这种经济杂交方法不同程度的地提高了体重、体尺与产绒量。3个杂交配套组合的体重、半潜水长与胸宽均不同程度的大于对照组Y×Y组合,说明杂交可以在一定程度上提高体重与一些体尺性状;3个杂交组合的羽绒总重显著高于对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05),其中L×Y组合羽绒总重最大为144.71 g;L×Y组合与K×Y组合正羽重显著高于Z×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05);L×Y组合与Z×Y组合绒羽重显著高于K×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05)。通过体尺、体重与产绒性能关联分析,体重、半潜水长和胸深对产绒性能影响较大,相关性最高,体重和半潜水长与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见,这种经济杂交方法可以提高了鹅的羽绒产量,而且体重和体尺与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重呈不同程度的相关性。     

地衣芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生长的影响

将180尾异育银鲫(allogygenetic cruc ian carp)随机分成3组,每组设3个重复,分别投喂3种饲料:基础日粮(Ⅰ组),在基础日粮中添加质量分数为0.02%的地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus lichenifor-m is(Ⅱ组),在基础日粮中添加质量分数分别为0.01%的地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖(Ⅲ组),共饲养75 d。结果表明:与Ⅰ组鱼相比,Ⅱ组鱼的增重率显著提高(P<0.05),其肠道食糜中蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性及食糜中芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量大大增加,大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅲ组鱼的增重率和肠道食糜中淀粉酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05),肠道食糜中大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌的数量有增加趋势;Ⅲ组鱼肠道食糜中蛋白酶的活性、芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,比Ⅱ组鱼显著降低(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量有降低趋势,同时,Ⅲ组鱼肝胰脏中蛋白酶的活性比其它两组显著提高(P<0.05),两组之间其他指标差异不显著。因此,在基础日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖,可提高鱼体中消化酶的活性,有助于维持肠道内的微生态平衡,促进动物生长。     

The impact of Theileria parva infections and other factors on calf mean daily weight gains in smallholder dairy farms in Murang'a District, Kenya

The association between mean daily weight gain, Theileria parva infections, clinical East Coast fever and other possible determinants of weight gain were examined in a longitudinal observational study that was conducted in cohorts of female calves from five agro-ecological zone (AEZ)-grazing strata. The strata were upper-midlands (UM) 1 zero-grazing, UM 1 open-grazing, UM 2 zero-grazing, UM 4 zero-grazing and UM 4 open-grazing. In total, 225 calves on 188 smallholder dairy farms were visited within the first 2 weeks of life and thereafter at biweekly intervals up to the age of 6 months between March 1995 and August 1996. During each visit, the calves were weighed and other calf-management practices in the farm during the visit such as housing, feeding and tick control also were recorded. Other events such as morbidity and mortality between or during the visits were also recorded.

The overall mean daily weight gains were 0.24–0.29 kg (S.D.=0.17–0.22 kg) and were lower than the recommended targets for smallholder farms of 0.40–0.50 kg. The major tendency in variability of daily weight gains was due to visit-to-visit variation (especially in calves >3 months old).

Differences in mean daily gains were associated with AEZ-grazing strata and calf-level factors that included breed of calf, calf sickness, incidence of ECF, feeding of milk, concentrate feeds and minerals and interaction between calf age and AEZ-grazing strata (P<0.05). ECF and other calf sicknesses exerted a temporal effect on calf-growth at the height of illness and immediately after; calves later recovered the lost growth except where other factors such as poor calf nutrition prevailed. Improvement in calf-growth in Murang’a District is achievable and extension services should continue to target individual-calf-level management practices.     

华北驼绒藜替代不同比例粗饲料对苏尼特羊增重及经济效益的影响

试验将驼绒藜按不同精粗比配合成颗粒日粮饲喂苏尼特羊,对比分析驼绒藜日粮与苜蓿日粮、谷草日粮对羊增重的效果。结果表明,华北驼绒藜、苜蓿、谷草铡短粉碎与50%、30%精料混合制成颗粒日粮对绵羊体增重效果最好,日增重可达127 g/d;在荒漠草原区,苜蓿的高价格是限制其推广的主要原因;华北驼绒藜和谷草在30%精料水平下,与同精料水平条件下用苜蓿饲喂绵羊具有相同的增重效果,并可增加纯收入80元/只。     

Influence of fioret position and flowering time on seed set and thousand seed weight of Ceratoides arborescens

本研究对华北驼绒藜（Ceratoides arborescens）生长4年和生长8年居群不同冠层、株丛上主枝和一级侧枝,以及不同花期花的结实率和种子千粒重进行了测定和分析。结果显示,1）株龄较小的植株结实率较高,所结种子千粒重较大,可能与年龄小的植株分枝少,养分集中有关。2）结实与花在花序上的位置有关。无论在主枝条上还是在侧枝上,先开花的部位结实率高,种子千粒重也较大。3）对整个居群来说,冠层的中层结实率最高,种子千粒重最大,冠层下层结实率和种子千粒重最小。4）盛花期开的花结实率高,种子千粒重也大,末花期次之,始花期花的结实率最低,种子千粒重也最小。     

高效凝胶过滤色谱法测定肽的相对分子量分布

采用高效凝胶过滤色谱法,对肽粉、酵母核苷酸和自溶酵母粉三种肽类产品的相对分子量大小及分布进行了测定。结果表明,此三种产品的相对分子量分布范围集中在2000Da以下,寡肽含量丰富,其中含有一定量的游离氨基酸和氨基酸残基。该方法简便快捷、准确性高、重复性好,适合肽类产品分子量(<1 0KD)分布的分析检测。     

发酵豆粕对仔猪早期断奶应激及增重效果的影响

仔猪早期断奶是提高母猪繁殖利用率的重要措施,但早期断奶应激容易导致仔猪断奶后食欲下降,消化机能紊乱,腹泻等“仔猪早期断奶综合症”.发酵豆粕因富含植物小肽,易于动物的消化吸收等多种优点,适用于幼龄、病弱、应激等特殊生理状况下的仔猪.本试验选用市场上常用的一种同类产品与一种新开发的发酵豆粕在断奶仔猪上进行饲喂对比.结果表明:这种新开发的产品对缓解仔猪早期断奶应激引起的胃肠机能紊乱明显优于对照产品,其稀便发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);平均日增重、料肉比高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05).     

Effect of commercial diets quality on bio-economic performances of broilers in Benin

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of commercial poultry feeds in Benin. The performances of 396 unsexed broilers chickens Ross 308 fed with a control diet (R1) and five commercial diets (R2 to R6) were evaluated. Broilers fed commercial diets showed significantly low (P < 0.001) body weight gain (BWG) and economic feed efficiency (EFE) and significantly high (P < 0.001) mortality rate, feed conversion ratio and feed cost (FC). At 42 days of age, the body weight of broilers fed control diet was 1662 g versus 838 to 1041 g for broilers fed commercial diets. In R1 diet, overall FC was 388 Fcfa/kg BWG, and EFE was 2.7 Fcfa BWG/Fcfa feed. These values represented respectively 50 to 64% and 1.6 to 2.0 times the FC and the EFE recorded in commercial diets. A deficiency in crude protein and metabolisable energy, combined with high contents of crude fibre and total ash was found in some commercial diets. These results suggest the necessity to organize the market of poultry feed in Benin in the perspective to reduce the production cost by using more efficient and cheap commercial diets.     

巴音布鲁克羊生长规律的研究

选择0～6月龄的纯种巴音布鲁克羊羔羊和巴音布鲁克羊经济杂交羔羊,在自然放牧状态下,观察羔羊生长规律及经济杂交效果。通过对母羊妊娠后期进行补饲,研究补饲对羔羊产后生长的影响。结果表明,巴音布鲁克羊从出生到6月龄的过程中,2～3月龄增长最快,其次是1～2月龄、0～1月龄;4～5月龄体重下降,5～6月龄又开始增加。妊娠后期母羊补饲对羔羊产后生长没有明显影响,经济杂交羔羊杂交优势明显,公、母羔羊累计生长体重均极显著高于纯种巴音布鲁克羔羊。所以根据羔羊生长规律,加强羔羊生长高峰期营养和管理,是提高巴音布鲁克羊经济效益的重要措施。