细胞穿透肽介导的小黑麦小孢子遗传转化研究

本研究选用小黑麦小孢子作为供试材料,进行细胞穿透肽介导的植物单倍体细胞遗传转化可行性研究。提取单核靠边期的小黑麦小孢子进行悬浮培养,将细胞穿透肽与报告基因GFP的表达框复合物对小孢子进行转化。转化植株进行了PCR分子检测,并在荧光体视显微镜下观察外源GFP基因的表达情况。共获得21株候选转基因植株,其中染色体自然加倍植株为10株。T1代加倍植株的PCR检测结果显示,加倍的转基因株系中有3个株系的PCR检测结果呈阳性。通过荧光体视显微镜可在转基因植株的幼胚部位观测到GFP蛋白的荧光。以上结果表明外源GFP基因已经整合到小黑麦基因组上并且得到表达并稳定遗传。因此,由细胞穿透肽介导的植物单细胞转化是一种有效、可行的植物单细胞转基因方法。     

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.     

动物细胞培养及微载体技术研究进展

动物细胞培养作为生化工程学科领域中迅速发展起来的生物技术与化学工程结合的新型学科,无论在基础研究和应用研究方面都越来越受到生物技术界的重视,现已成为生化工程学科主要前沿学科之一。文中介绍了动物细胞培养技术,并就微载体细胞培养进行了详细的论述。     

Targeted Knock-in of a Fluorescent Protein Gene into the Chicken Vasa Homolog Locus of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells using CRIS-PITCh Method

In chickens, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are effective targets for advanced genome editing, including gene knock-in. Although a long-term culture system has been established for chicken PGCs, it is necessary to select a gene-editing tool that is efficient and precise for editing the PGC genome while maintaining its ability to contribute to the reproductive system. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and CRISPR-mediated precise integration into the target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) methods are superior as the donor vector is easier to construct, has high genome editing efficiency, and does not select target cells, compared to the homologous recombination method, which has been conventionally used to generate knock-in chickens. In this study, we engineered knock-in chicken PGCs by integrating a fluorescent protein gene cassette as a fusion protein into the chicken vasa homolog (CVH) locus of chicken PGCs using the CRIS-PITCh method. The knock-in PGCs expressed the fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the tracking of PGCs. Furthermore, we characterized the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines. Knock-in cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution, and the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines was confirmed by genotyping. We found that 82% of the analyzed clones were successfully knocked-in into both alleles. We suggest that the production of model chicken from the knock-in PGCs can contribute to various studies, such as the elucidation of the fate of germ cells and sex determination in chicken.     

颗粒细胞单层对黄牛孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响

为优化颗粒细胞单层共培养体系,研究了不同类型、不同种属的颗粒细胞单层及不同时间更换培养单层对黄牛孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响.结果表明.就卵裂率、囊胚率和囊胚孵出率而言.壁颗粒细胞单层组与丘颗粒细胞单层组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);来自黄牛、猪和小鼠的颗粒细胞单层在支持黄牛孤雌胚胎体外发育方面无显著差异(P>0.05):就囊胚率而言,共培养的第3天和第6天两次更换单层分别与共培养的第4天更换单层和始终不更换单层的对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),但第4天更换单层与对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.05).所以.不同类型和不同种属的颗粒细胞单层都能很好地支持黄牛孤雌胚胎的体外发育.在胚胎的体外发育过程中更换培养单层可以明显提高胚胎的囊胚率和囊胚孵出率,并且在共培养的第4天更换培养单层可以得到较高的囊胚率.     

高产单细胞蛋白酵母的诱变育种及培养条件优化

从啤酒废酵母泥中分离纯化出5株酿酒酵母,以其中单细胞蛋白(SCP)含量较高的SY-5为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变分生孢子,经过初筛和复筛,得到1株高产SCP的诱变菌株SY-5-7,比出发菌株高7.84%,达到48.67%。通过单因素试验对诱变菌株SY-5-7培养条件进行优化,结果表明,最适培养条件为培养基起始pH值5.0、培养温度26℃、接种量2%、发酵周期为70h,碳源为50g/L蔗糖、氮源为10g/L酵母膏。在此基础上进行培养,SY-5-7的生物量比初始条件提高了约35%。     

雌激素和雄激素对鸡成骨细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞周期及其受体mRNA转录的影响

为探讨雌激素和雄激素对鸡胚额骨成骨细胞(OB)增殖、凋亡、细胞周期及其受体mRNA转录的影响,用雌激素(17β雌二醇)和雄激素(十一酸睾酮)单独以及联合处理鸡胚额骨成骨细胞,MTT法测定细胞增殖率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期的变化,荧光定量PCR检测成骨细胞中雌激素受体(ER)及雄激素受体(AR)mRNA的转录。结果显示:一定浓度的雌激素或雄激素在24h内均能促进成骨细胞的增殖,促进成骨细胞的细胞周期进程,但对细胞凋亡无明显作用。雌激素单独或联合雄激素作用能上调ERmRNA的转录,对ARmRNA的转录无明显作用。     

黄颡鱼鳍组织培养及染色体制备条件的研究

以黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco幼鱼鱼鳍为组织来源,采用组织块培养法,对其短期培养及染色体制片所需的消毒方法、培养基、培养温度、秋水仙素浓度和低渗处理时间等条件进行了探索,初步建立了以鳍组织培养法提供材料制作黄颡鱼染色体标本的方法。     

亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RASSFIA基因甲基化的影响

目的探讨亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RAS相关结构域家族基因1A（RASSHA）甲基化的影响。方法PANC-1细胞用不同浓度亚砷酸处理,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,甲基化特异性PCR（MSV）法检测RASSFlA基因甲基化情况。结果随着亚砷酸浓度增加（1．2～4．8μmol／L）和作用时间延长,PANC-1细胞抑制率逐渐增加（P〈0．05）。PANC－1细胞中RASSFlA基因表现为高甲基化状态,但其甲基化随亚砷酸浓度增加而逐渐减弱。结论亚砷酸对PANC－1细胞增殖的抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,并通过RASSFlA基因的去甲基化起作用。     

哺乳动物生殖细胞的性别决定

生殖细胞从未成熟阶段发育到成熟阶段有2个主要的细胞命运决定:进行减数分裂时间的决定和分化为精子还是卵子的决定,这2个决定是密切偶联的。主要阐述了哺乳动物生殖细胞性别决定的分子机制以及减数分裂在生殖细胞性别决定中的作用机制。