施用不同氮肥对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能以及养分吸收的影响

为探讨盐碱地湖南稷子(Echinochloa frumentacea)高效生产的最佳施氮种类和施氮量,采用单因素随机区组设计,通过在湖南稷子拔节期设置不施肥(CK)、尿素和硫酸铵(N1,N2)轻施肥(F1:50 kg·hm^-2)、中施肥(F2:100 kg·hm^-2)、重施肥处理(F3:150 kg·hm^-2),研究不同氮肥和施氮水平下湖南稷子田间农艺性状、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的变化,探讨盐碱地湖南稷子实现高效生产的适宜氮肥和施氮量。结果表明：与对照相比,施氮量为F2和F3时能够显著提高盐碱地湖南稷子产量及氮磷钾吸收量(P<0.05),植株不同部位氮含量上升,施氮量F3时能够显著提高氮肥利用效率(P<0.05),且同一施氮量下追施硫酸铵后湖南稷子产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率均高于尿素。综上所述,氮肥追施量在150 kg·hm^-2时,有利于盐碱地湖南稷子的产量的提升和养分的吸收,且同一条件下追施硫酸铵较追施尿素效果显著。     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AORTIC LESIONS IN 42 DOGS WITH SPIROCERCOSIS

Spirocerca lupi is a common cause of vomiting, regurgitation, and sudden death in dogs that live in tropical or subtropical regions. Sudden death due to aortic rupture may occur with no preceding clinical signs. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of aortic lesions in a cohort of 42 dogs with endoscopically confirmed spirocercosis. Dorsoventral and right lateral recumbent thoracic radiographic findings were compared with pre‐ and postcontrast thoracic CT findings. Aortic mineralization was detected using CT in 18/42 dogs (43%). Three dogs had faint diffuse aortic wall mineralization. Using CT as the reference standard, radiographs had a sensitivity and specificity of 6% and 96%, respectively, for detecting aortic mineralization. A total of 20 aortic aneurysms were detected using CT in 15/42 dogs (36%). Using CT as the reference standard, radiographs had a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 56%, respectively, for detecting aortic aneurysms. Respiratory motion, aortic displacement by esophageal masses and Spirocerca nodules adjacent to the aorta mimicked aneurysm formation on radiographs. Aortic thrombi were seen in two dogs in postcontrast CT images. Findings from this study indicated that aortic mineralization and aneurysm formation are common in dogs with spirocercosis. Findings also supported the use of pre‐ and postcontrast CT as effective methods for detecting and characterizing these lesions.     

Ectopic Bone as a Nidus for Calcium Oxalate Urocystolithiasis in a Cat

A 7‐year‐old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to the urology service for nonsurgical urocystolith removal. A urolith was attached to the urothelium by ectopic bone. Interventional removal without surgery was successful. Follow‐up evaluation 3 years after urolith removal revealed recurrent uroliths, bladder wall mineralization, and marked renal mineralization. This case illustrates the metaplastic potential of the urothelium and that ectopic bone should be included among the pathological factors that promote lithogenesis.     

饲粮蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

选择30头28日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重4．5kg），研究饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对早期断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。结果显示：（1）饲粮CP水平分别与CP摄入量、CP表现消化率、可消化CP摄入量、未消化CP摄入量存在显著（P＜0．05）或极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关；（2）CP真消化率不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）；（3）仔猪内源粪氮排泄量为0．22g／日，内源粪氮占干物质摄入量的比值为2．6g／kg；（4）饲粮CP水平分别与盲肠内容物中挥发性盐基氮（VBN）和氨氮（AN）含量的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05），但饲粮CP水平分别与结肠内容物中VBN和AN含量存在显著（P＜0．05）的正相关；（5）饲粮CP水平分别与血浆VBN和尿素氮含量存在显著（P＜0．05）和极显著（P＜0．01）的正相关，但血浆AN含量则不受饲粮CP水平的影响，两者的相关关系不显著（P＞0．05）。结果表明，随着饲粮CP水平升高，CP的真消化率不变，进入大肠的蛋白质量增加，结肠内蛋白质的腐败作用增强，血中含氮代谢产物增多。     

施氮与株丛切割对退化新麦草草地的改良效果

本文研究了施氮肥和株丛切割对退化新麦草人草地生产性能的影响,结果表明,施氮肥和株丛切割提高了新麦草草地生产性能和生产力。此外,施氮肥可改善牧草品质及土壤牮氮能力。株丛切割和施氮肥（１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）相结合与单施氮肥相比,成本较低,对退化新麦草草地的改良效果良好,年均产草量２６７９．５ｋｇＤＭ／ｈｍ＾２。     

祁连山中部高山草甸土壤有机碳矿化及其影响因素研究

分析了室内培养土壤温湿度变化对祁连山海拔3500,3600,3700和3800 m处高寒草甸土壤有机碳矿化的影响。结果显示土壤有机碳累积矿化量及其比例为35℃下最高,土壤含水量为30%和40%下比10%和20%下高,0~15 cm土层比15~35 cm土层中高。土壤有机碳矿化速率及其占有机碳含量比例随培养时间延长而递减。土壤有机碳矿化速率及其比例为35℃下最高,土壤含水量为30%和40%下比10%和20%下高,0~15 cm土层比15~35 cm土层中高。一阶动态方程拟合土壤有机碳矿化动态效果较好。5℃下分解率系数和活性有机碳库较低。5℃升高到15℃,Q10为1~6,15℃升高到25℃,Q10为1~2。结果表明祁连山高寒草甸表层土壤有机碳分解受温湿度变化的影响较大。     

草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因的克隆及表达分析

氮素是制约草坪草生长发育的重要因素之一,GS/GOGAT循环是植物氮同化的主要途径,谷氨酸合酶（glutamine：2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase,glutamate synthase,GOGAT）在植物氮素转化过程中发挥着重要的催化作用。本研究以草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）为试材,基于二代测序RNA-seq相关数据,克隆得到草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明：草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因序列为3 236 bp,完整的开放阅读框（Open Reading Frame Finder,ORF）为1 338 bp,编码445个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白;预测NADH-GOGAT蛋白的分子量为49.89KD,等电点（isoelectric point,pI）为6.11,无信号肽,含有1个Glu_syn_central结构域,属于Glu_syn_central超级家族;二级结构以无规则卷曲、α-螺旋、延伸链和β-转角为主;同源进化分析结果表明草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT与硬粒黑小麦氨基酸序列相似度为97%。草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因在叶部的相对表达量高于根与茎,低氮浓度更有利于该基因的表达。NADH-GOGAT在干旱胁迫和水氮互作中表达差异显著（P<0.05）。草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因的克隆,及相关序列分析和基因表达,对进一步研究该基因的功能和草地早熟禾GS/GOGAT循环的调控过程具有一定意义。     

Quantification of dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis based on growth,feed conversion efficiency,mineralization and serum alkaline phosphatase activity

Seven isonitrogenous (400 g/kg crude protein) and isocaloric (17.89 kJ/g gross energy) purified diets (casein‐gelatin based) with different concentrations of calcium (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/kg) supplemented with calcium lactate at the levels of 0, 5.4, 10.8, 16.3, 21.8, 27.27 and 32.73 g/kg were prepared and fed for 12 weeks to triplicate groups of Heteropneustes fossilis (7.46 ± 0.03 g) to determine the optimum dietary calcium requirement. Analysed values of calcium in the diets were 2.41, 3.82, 4.56, 5.99, 6.71, 7.40 and 8.19 g/kg, respectively. Absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention efficiency, protein gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed diets with increasing levels of dietary calcium improved up to 5.99 g/kg and then levelled off. Whole‐body protein, moisture and ash contents improved up to 5.99 g/kg dietary calcium and stabilized thereafter. However, whole‐body fat exhibited reverse pattern and decreased with incremental levels of dietary calcium up to 5.99 g/kg. Whole‐body and vertebrae mineralization was also significantly affected (p < .05) by the increasing dietary calcium levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < .05) up to 6.71 g/kg, and no change was recorded beyond this level. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not influenced (p > .05) by dietary calcium levels. The Ca–P ratio remained static in the whole body, vertebrae and serum. Broken‐line regression analysis of data obtained on growth, mineralization and serum ALP activity against increasing levels of dietary calcium reflected the optimum calcium requirement between 5.77–6.81 g/kg diet.     

供磷水平对‘热研5号'柱花草-根瘤菌共生体系的影响

为研究不同供磷水平对热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis‘Reyan No.5')-根瘤菌共生体系的影响,利用水培试验对接种7株不同根瘤菌的柱花草进行3个磷浓度的处理,通过对柱花草干重、植株含氮量、根瘤数、固氮酶活性的测定及分析确定磷对共生体系的影响。结果表明:低磷不利于柱花草及根瘤菌共生体系的生长;菌株YM11-1,FS3-1-1在高磷时固氮促生效果最佳,菌株LZ3 2,RJS9-2,BS1-1,CJ1则在中等磷条件下固氮促生效果最佳,磷对菌株PN13-3的影响不大。     

施氮水平对青海中华羊茅产量和营养成分含量的影响

在高寒地区旱作条件下种植青海中华羊茅最适施氮量为N60kg/hm^2,施肥后三年内产草量比对照提高23.62%,其增产值是施肥成本的2.37倍,产籽量提高12.38%,其增产值是施肥成本的4.97倍。青海中华羊茅的产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,施氮后第二年的增产量高于施肥当年的增产量。粗蛋白质含量随着施氮量的增加而增加,但其增加速度随着施氮量的增加而减少,无氮浸出物的含量则随着施氮量的增加而急剧减少,而减少的速度随着施氮量的增加而减小。