对北京市新型农村合作医疗制度的调查与思考

自2002年7月北京市大兴区率先在全国开展新型合作医疗试点至今,北京市新型农村合作医疗制度运行已经5年了.在对北京市新型农村合作医疗制度运行情况进行充分调研的基础上,总结了所取得的成效,分析了存在的问题,要进一步完善这项制度应提高筹资水平,实行动态缴费;提高补偿水平,提升制度吸引力;充实管办资源,重视调研能力建设等.     

新型吸水剂在砂姜黑土甘蓝包菜上应用效果

研究了一种新型吸水剂在砂姜黑土应用效果。结果表明：新型吸水剂对生长初期甘蓝包菜生长有一定的抑制作用,但随着水分胁迫增加,吸水剂保水效果的发挥,包菜的生长很快恢复,到收获期,包菜产量,水分利用效率,土壤保水能力都显著高于对照处理。吸水剂以深施效果最好,增产率达15.5%,水分利用效率提高48.3%,供试的吸水剂在抗旱节水上有很好的应用前景。     

玉米新品种浚单22不同密度对产量的影响

为探讨玉米新品种浚单22获得高产的适宜种植密度，河南省浚县农业科学研究所对浚单22进行了5个处理的密度试验。试验结果表明：在5个试验处理的栽培密度中，以6．00万株／hm^2产量最高，其次为6．75万株／hm^2和5．25万株／hm^2，适宜种植密度为5．25万～6．75万株／hm^2。     

降低车用柴油机排放的新技术

分析了柴油机排放及其危害,阐明了通过采用新结构和新技术可以有效控制柴油机的排放,为降低车用柴油机排放提供了可靠的理论依据。     

职业教育要为新农村建设服务

推进新农村建设,必须培养大量农村实用型人才和技能型人才,普及农业先进实用技术,大力提高农民思想道德和科学文化素质,转移大量的农村剩余劳动力。文中首先分析了当前职业教育亟需解决的问题,接着提出了职业教育为“三农”服务,必须进行的几项改革,最后则提出了“职业教育为‘三农’服务要注重提高和转化并举”的措施。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immune Stimulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida

Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been reported to have immunomodulation effects through the increase of the activation and function of macrophages. In this study, the regulating effect of LMWF from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand on dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. We discovered that LMWF could stimulate DCs’ maturation and migration, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells’ proliferation in vitro. We proved that this immune promoting activity is activated through TLR4 and its downstream MAPK and NF–κB signaling pathways. Further in vivo (mouse model) investigation showed that LMWF has a strong immunological boosting effect, such as facilitating the proliferation of immune cells and increasing the index of immune organs. These findings suggest that LMWF has a positive immunomodulatory effect and is a promising candidate to supplement cancer immunotherapy.     

Growth and competitiveness of the New Zealand tree species Podocarpus cunninghamii is reduced by ex-agricultural AMF but enhanced by forest AMF

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities found in agricultural systems has been found to be very different to that of forest. The implications of this, if any, for the restoration of indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land is poorly understood. This study investigated the effect that AMF communities isolated from ex-agricultural and forest soils have on the growth of an indigenous New Zealand tree species (Podocarpus cunninghamii). The forest AMF community was isolated from a remnant stand of P. cunninghamii forest and the ex-agricultural AMF from a retired grazing grassland. In addition, the study examined how the two AMF communities affected the competitiveness of P. cunninghamii when grown in competition with an invasive grass species (Agrostis capillaris), which is frequently dominant on ex-agricultural land in New Zealand. P. cunninghamii growth was significantly decreased by inoculation with ex-agricultural AMF compared to forest AMF. Furthermore, the forest AMF community was able to significantly increase P. cunninghamii root production when in competition with A. capillaris. The findings suggest that when attempting to restore indigenous forest on ex-agricultural land, inoculation of tree seedlings with appropriate forest AMF may improve their growth and survival.     

具有中国大豆遗传背景的7S与11S多亚基缺失型大豆新品系的创制

利用我国高油大豆品种东农47与日本引进多亚基缺失型育种材料日B,采用回交、三交的育种方法,综合系谱选择,通过SDS-PAGE技术分析亚基组成,在BC₁、BC₃及三交种F₈群体内,选育到(α+11S groupⅡa)-缺失型、(α′+11S groupⅡa)-缺失型、[(α′+α)+11S groupⅡa、Ⅱb]-缺失型、[(α′+α)+11S groupⅡa]-缺失型、[(α′+α)+11S groupⅡb+X₁X₂]-缺失型、[(α′+α)+11S groupⅡb]-缺失型和(α′+11S groupⅠ、Ⅱa)-缺失型共7种具有中国大豆遗传背景的7S球蛋白α′、α亚基与11S球蛋白groupⅠ(A_1aB_1b,A₂B_1a,A_1bB₂)、groupⅡa(A₄A₅B₃)和groupⅡb(A₃B₄)不同亚基缺失组合新种质。测定优良品系的综合农艺性状及氨基酸组成、含量,结果表明,与对照相比,各种缺失突变体的各种氨基酸组分含量普遍提高,蛋白总量普遍高于轮回亲本,精氨酸含量特别是游离精氨酸的含量大幅提高。其中亚基组成为(α+11S groupⅡa)-缺失型品系G2-2-3的17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量、蛋氨酸含量均显著高于轮回亲本东农47,特别是游离精氨酸含量高出7.27mg/g。以上结果表明,7S与11S多亚基缺失型优良品系在有效去除致敏蛋白的同时,可以提高大豆蛋白氨基酸含量, 改善大豆蛋白氨基酸组分配比。各种致敏蛋白缺失型大豆优良新品系的获得,大大丰富了我国蛋白质组分改良育种的种质基础。     

对我国食品安全问题的思考

介绍了食品生产、流通以及消费过程中存在的导致食品不安全的因素,论述了食品安全问题的重要性和特殊性,针对这些问题提出了解决食品安全的对策建议.     

论新农村建设时期的农村人力资源开发

农村人力资源开发在建设社会主义新农村中起着战略性、基础性和决定性的作用。笔者结合建设新农村的具体要求,通过分析农村人力资源开发现状中存在的问题,指出了在建设新农村时期开发农村人力资源,必须要处理好自然资源开发与人力资源开发的关系,要加强农村保障体制和组织化程度建设,要重视农村教育的战略地位、农村劳动力技能培训的主导地位、建设学习型社会的根本地位,这样才能培育新农民,全面提高农民素质,为建设社会主义新农村提供人力支持和智力保障。