Evaluation of the effect of mesotherapy in the management of back pain in police working dog

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of mesotherapy in dogs compared with a positive control group.

Topical vapocoolant spray reduces nociceptive response to ear notching in neonatal piglets

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of a vapocoolant spray (VS) to provide local anaesthesia for piglets during ear notching.

Two-point ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane injection in canine cadavers – a pilot study

Objective

This study evaluated the spread of a two-point transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injection in canine cadavers. Compared with previous techniques, the two-point TAP injection was developed to increase the consistency of local anaesthetic spread to the nerve segments T11, T12, L1, L2 and L3.

Comparison of immune-related pain induced by antigen-special complex with inflammatory pain induced by formalin in rats

AIM: To investigate the difference between immune-related pain induced by antigen-special complex and inflammatory pain induced by formalin, and to observe the differential expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal cord. METHODS: Thirty adult health SD rats were randomly divided into control group, formalin group and immune complex group (10 rats in each group). After the baseline tests were finished, 5 rats in each group underwent intrathecal administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The right hindpaw of the rats were injected with PBS, formalin or rat IgG immune complex. The thickness of hindpaw and pain behaviors were observed at time points of 0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection. The expression levels of total and activated p38 MAPK in spinal cord were determined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The rats in formalin group showed significant nociceptive behaviors immediately, such as licking foot, and limping with highly swollen foot which could touch the ground. The pain threshold was decreased rapidly 30 min after injection and alleviated after then. The pain threshold of the rats in immune complex group obviously decreased 4 h after injection without red swollen hindpaw. The expression of activated p-p38 MAPK in spinal cord in formalin group was significantly higher than that in immune complex group and control group (P<0.01). No statistic difference of p-p38 expression between immune complex group and control group, also no significant effects of SB203580 on pain behaviors in immune complex group were observed. CONCLUSION: Activated p38 MAPK contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain, but not to the pathogenesis of immune-related pain. The mechanism of immune-related pain is different from inflammatory pain induced by formalin.     

氦氖激光穴位照射对绵羊痛阈的影响

用低功率氦氖激光照射绵羊后三里、耳根、通天、天门四穴,由腹壁、胸壁、下颌三部位测痛,结果表明,氦氖激光穴位照射确有提高痛阈的作用,但经统计学处理后发现痛阈提高的程度则因穴位、部位不同而不同。如照射后三里穴腹壁痛阈提高显著(p<0.05),照射通天穴胸壁痛阈提高显著(p<0.05),照射耳根穴三个测痛部位的痛阈提高皆不显著(p>0.05),照射天门穴痛阈提高的程度呈不规则变化。由此看出,激光穴位镇痛既具有全身普遍性,又具有相对特异性。     

Enthesophytosis and Impingement of the Dorsal Spinous Processes in the Equine Thoracolumbar Spine

Impingement of the dorsal spinous processes (DSPs) is a common cause of pain and poor performance in sport horses, but there is limited information regarding regional differences in the prevalence and severity of DSP osseous lesions in the equine thoracolumbar spine. It was hypothesized that lesion severity would increase with horse age and height, and that severe lesions would be more prevalent in the mid-caudal thoracic region. The thoracolumbar spines of 33 horses were removed postmortem, disarticulated, and boiled out. The thoracic and lumbar DSPs were examined for the presence of proliferative or lytic osseous lesions of the DSPs. Age and height of the horses were recorded, and severity of pathologic changes at each vertebral level was scored using an ordinal grading system (grades 0–3) and a continuous visual analog scale (VAS). Osseous lesions of the DSPs were present at every vertebral level from C7–T1 to L6–S1, and 70% of horses had at least one lesion of severity grade 2 or higher. Grade 3 lesions were found in the cranial thoracic (T2–T4), mid-thoracic to cranial lumbar (T11–L1) and mid-lumbar (L4–L5) segments. Analysis of VAS data using analysis of variance indicated that increasing age and height were associated with more severe osseous lesions (P < .001). DSP osseous lesions occur frequently in horses with more severe lesions in the cranial thoracic, mid to caudal thoracic, and mid-lumbar regions. Lesions in the cranial thoracic and lumbar regions present a challenge for diagnostic imaging and may be underdiagnosed clinically.     

Referred Vaginal Pain: Cause of Hypersensitivity and Performance Problems in Mares? A Clinical Case Study

In mares, pneumovagina develops because of perineal malconformation. This condition may aggravate to cause vaginitis, cervicitis, and endometritis. In animal models, visceral pain has been associated with genital infections causing hyperalgesia and allodynia in the affected organs. The pain from genital infections may be referred to dermal areas of the hindquarter.The aim of the current clinical case study was to determine whether performance problems attributable to hypersensitivity in dermal areas of the hindquarter, a classic symptom of nymphomania in the mare, may be caused by visceral pain resulting from irritative processes in the reproductive organs. Vulvoplastic surgery (Caslick operation) is a well-known treatment of mares in which poor perineal conformation is the underlying factor of genital infections. The current study is based on clinical examinations and performance of mares with hypersensitivity in dermal areas of the hindquarters before and after Caslick operation.Fourteen mares exhibiting performance problems such as kicking against the rider's legs, bolting, or refusing to move forward were selected for this study. Performance problems or stereotypic behavior were observed either permanently or intermittently during estrus. In 12 of 14 mares (86%), the performance problems were totally eliminated or diminished within 6 months after Caslick operation.The clinically observed performance improvement in the treated mares supports the hypothesis that problems attributable to hypersensitivity in dermal areas of the hindquarters may be caused by irritative processes in the labia vulvae, vestibulum, and vagina of the mare.     

SD大鼠术后急性疼痛向慢性疼痛转化的差异代谢物分析

术后慢性疼痛病因十分复杂,迄今发生机制尚未明析.本研究旨在通过动物模型解析术后急性疼痛向慢性疼痛转化的相关物质,以期找到引发术后疼痛的关键物质.采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)代谢组学技术,比较分析大鼠术后急性疼痛和慢性坐骨神经紧缩损伤疼痛的相关物质,筛选差异代谢物.结果经分析后得到224种代谢物,其中,35种代谢物具...     

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeat dosing of gabapentin in adult horses

BackgroundThe repeated administration of high doses of gabapentin may provide better analgesia in horses than current clinical protocols.Hypothesis and ObjectivesAdministration of gabapentin at 40 and 120 mg/kg PO q 12 h for 14 days will not alter serum biochemistry findings or cause adverse effects. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of gabapentin on serum biochemistry, physical examination, and plasma pharmacokinetics of gabapentin.AnimalsSix healthy adult mares.MethodsHorses received 40 and 120 mg/kg of gabapentin orally q 12 h for 14 days. Horses were examined and scored for ataxia and sedation daily. Serum biochemistry variables were analyzed before treatment and days 7 and 14 after gabapentin administration. Plasma disposition of gabapentin was evaluated after the first and last drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis.ResultsNo changes occurred in physiologic or biochemical variables. Median (range) maximal plasma gabapentin concentrations (μg/mL) after the last dose (day 15) were 7.6 (6.2‐11) and 22 (14‐33) for 40 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg doses respectively. Maximal concentration of gabapentin was reached within 1 hour after drug administration. Repeated administration of gabapentin resulted in a median (range) area under the curve (AUC_{0‐12 hours}) last/first dose ratio of 1.5 (1.00‐2.63) and 2.92 (1.4‐3.8) for the 40 and 120 mg/kg regimens, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceOur results suggest that horses tolerate gabapentin up to 120 mg/kg PO q 12 h for 14 days. The analgesic effect of the dosage regimens evaluated in our study warrants further research.