A case of spontaneous Zymbal’s gland carcinoma with lung metastasis in an aged Fischer 344 rat

Zymbal’s gland neoplasms are induced in rats through the administration of various carcinogens, but spontaneous neoplasia is rare. This report describes a spontaneous Zymbal’s gland carcinoma with lung metastasis found in an aged male Fischer 344 rat. Macroscopically, the dome-like tumor nodule, approximately 30 mm in diameter with ulceration, was located near the ear canal of the rat. No healthy tissue or structure of Zymbal’s gland was identified on the corresponding side, while the normal salivary glands and a lacrimal gland were observed. Histologically, a large part of the tumor mass was occupied by poorly differentiated neoplastic cells, the shapes of which were oval to polygonal or fusiform. Additionally, clusters of sebaceous-like foamy cells and squamous metaplasia with prominent keratinization were observed. Tumor cells were found to metastasize to the lung; these cells displayed histological similarities, including a sebaceous gland-like pattern, to those in the primary site. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 or vimentin but negative for CD68, S100, α-smooth muscle actin, von Willebrand factor, and desmin. Our results indicate that the tumor was a poorly differentiated Zymbal’s gland carcinoma with lung metastasis.     

Effect of berberine on invasion and migration of PG cells from a high metastatic human giant lung carcinoma cell line

AIM:To study the effect of berberine(Ber) on invasion and migration of PG cells from a high metastatic human giant lung carcinoma cell line and to explore its mechanism. METHODS:Agarose drop method was used to detect PG migration; transwell cabin with FN in lower chamber was adopted to detect PG chemotaxis. PG adhesion to FN and martrigel was detected by MTT; PG invasive ability was determined by transwell cabin covered with martrigel. Expression of MMP2/TIMP2 protein and mRNA were detected by quantitative immunocytochemical method and RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS:After PG was treated by Ber（10 mg/L） for 24 h: 1) migration distance of Ber-treated PG cells was markedly shorter than that of control cells (P<0.01) and the number of passed membrane cells towards FN was much fewer than that of control cells (P<0.01); 2) PG adhesion to FN and martrigel was inhibited remarkably by Ber compared with control PG; 3) the migration of PG cells through the martrigel-coated transwell was significantly inhibited by the addition of Ber; 4) MMP2 expression was reduced significantly(P<0.01), while the TIMP2 expression showed up-regulating tendency, but had no differences compared with control group(P>0.05). The MMP2/TIMP2 ratio was decreased; 5) the MMP2 mRNA/TIMP2 mRNA ratio was decreased by Ber.CONCLUSION:Inhibition of cell migration, adhesion to ECM and invasion into ECM of tumor cells and regulation of homeostasis between MMPs and TIMPs to maintain ECM integrity may be the basic mechanism of inhibitive effect of Ber on invasion and metastasis of tumors.     

Use of kit internal tandem duplications to establish mast cell tumor clonality in 2 dogs

Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most common tumors of dogs. Some affected dogs develop multiple cutaneous tumors in various locations over months to years. In these cases, it is not clear whether the tumors have arisen de novo, or if each tumor represents a recurrence of the previously excised original tumor (ie, distant metastasis). We used the presence of an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit to demonstrate that in 2 dogs with recurrent cutaneous MCT that had developed over 1-2 years, each recurrent MCT tumor possessed an identical ITD when compared to the original MCT, indicating that the multiple tumors were clonal in origin. This study demonstrates that similar to the situation in humans, specific somatic mutations identified in oncogenes found in canine neoplasms can be used to provide evidence of tumor clonality.     

Ultrasound and computed tomography of the iliosacral lymphatic centre in dogs with anal sac gland carcinoma

In this prospective study, we hypothesized that computed tomography (CT) would identify more normal and abnormal iliosacral lymph nodes (LNs) than abdominal ultrasound in dogs with anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC). Twelve client‐owned dogs with ASGC but without distant metastasis were enrolled. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced CT scans of the abdomen were obtained. Iliosacral LNs were counted and assessed for location, laterality and size. Significantly (P < 0.00001) more iliosacral LNs were identified with CT (61) than ultrasound (30), including significantly (P = 0.00012) more medial iliac LNs with CT (33) than ultrasound (19). There was no difference in number of internal iliac LNs identified with CT versus ultrasound. Significantly (P = 0.000061) more sacral LNs were identified with CT (15) than ultrasound (0). Ultrasound identified slightly more (7) abnormal iliosacral LNs than CT (5). Contrast CT was able to identify more normal but not more abnormal LNs than ultrasound.     

气腹压力对裸鼠卵巢癌生长的影响

目的观察不同气腹压力对恶性肿瘤生长的影响。方法 45只裸鼠腹腔内种植人卵巢癌瘤块,成模后随机分为3组：无气腹组、低气腹组（5mmHg）、高气腹组（10mmHg）,每组15只,模拟不同CO2气腹压力环境,时间为1h。术后4周开腹检查肿瘤生长平均质量,评价不同气腹压力对肿瘤生长的影响。结果高气腹组的肿瘤平均质量为（3245.3±72.2）mg,明显大于无气腹组的（1830.7±69.4）mg及低气腹组的（2362.4±71.3）mg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论气腹压力增高可促进肿瘤生长,可能增加腹腔镜手术后肿瘤生长和种植转移机会。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2在胃癌中的表达及其对癌微血管生成和转移的影响

目的：观察胃癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的表达及其对癌微血管生成和转移的影响。方法：应用免疫组化S-P法检测87例胃癌组织中MMP-2的表达和微血管密度(MVD)。结果：胃癌组织MMP-2阳性表达率为59．8％(52／87)。MMP-2的阳性表达与胃腺癌患者的淋巴结转移与临床病理分期关系密切。结论：MMP-2与胃腺癌新生血管的形成及转移密切相关,是判断胃癌转移有价值的指标。     

Primary sinonasal malignant melanoma with systemic metastasis in a non-gray horse

A 27-y-old Anglo-Arabian gelding with bay coat color was presented with a swelling of the left maxillary region. Fenestration on the left maxilla revealed that the left maxillary sinus was filled with black-red tissue. A portion of the tissue was excised and diagnosed histologically as malignant melanoma. Genotyping of the STX17 gene for gray coat color revealed that the horse did not have the “gray” factor. The horse was euthanized ~3 mo after first presentation. During autopsy, a black-to-gray mass extended from the left nasal cavity to the surrounding paranasal sinus and invaded the hard palate, cribriform plate, and the cranial portion of the left olfactory bulb. Moreover, identical black nodules were present in lymph nodes from the mandible to the larynx, and in the spleen, liver, kidney, and adrenal glands. However, masses were not found in the skin, perineal region, or pelvic cavity. All of the black-to-gray nodules were malignant melanomas that were histologically identical to the initial biopsy; tumor emboli were also found in the kidney. Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare disease in horses.     

Fascin‐1 expression in canine cutaneous and oral melanocytic tumours

Fascin‐1 expression was examined in 9 cutaneous melanocytomas and 47 oral melanomas. The cases were scored on the basis of extent and intensity of staining, and combined scores were calculated. Fascin‐1 expression was observed in 5/9 (56%) melanocytomas and 46/47 (98%) melanomas. The combined score for fascin‐1 was significantly greater in stage III/IV melanomas than in stage I/II melanomas (P < 0.05). In addition, strong fascin‐1 staining was associated with a significantly shortened survival time (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that fascin‐1 overexpression correlates with the malignancy of canine melanoma and has the potential to be a new immunohistochemical marker to predict the clinical course of canine melanoma. In addition, targeted therapy for fascin‐1 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of canine melanoma.     

Effect of PTP4A3 gene on tumor growth and metastasis

PTP4A3 is an oncogene, which encodes phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3 protein that is a metastasis-associated phosphorylase. At present, a number of studies have found that it promotes cell proliferation, cell motility, cell invasion, tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, it is inseparable with the occurrence and development of cancer. Here, we summarize the relationship betweenPTP4A3 gene and the occurrence and development of cancer, the alteration ofPTP4A3gene expression and the functional role ofPTP4A3 gene in a variety of cancers. This review will help us to understand the correlation betweenPTP4A3 gene and cancer as well as the mechanism of signaling pathway, providing new insights ofPTP4A3 gene targeting strategy for treating cancer.     

Inhibitory effect of anti-miR-196a on invasion and migration of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells

AIM:To investigate the expression of miR-196a in different pancreatic cancer cell lines and to observe the effect of anti-miR-196a on the biological behaviors of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. METHODS:The expression of miR-196a in the pancreatic cancer cells was examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Anti-miR-196a was chemically synthesized and transfected into PANC-1 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. The cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Matrigel invasion assay was performed to examine the migration and invasion of the tumor cells. The wild-type and mutant-type NF-κB inhibitor α(NFKBIA) 3'UTR luciferase reporter vectors were constructed. The relative activity of Renilla luciferase was detected to confirm the binding site of miR-196a on NFKBIA mRNA. RESULTS:The expression of miR-196a in human pancreatic cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that in human pancreatic ductal epithelial H6c7 cells. The expression of anti-miR-196a in miR-196a group was down-regulated. After transfected with miR-196a, no change of cell proliferation and apoptosis was observed, but the abilities of invasion and migration were reduced(P<0.01). Compared with negative control, wild-type NFKBIA3'UTR or mutant-type NFKBIA 3'UTR, cotransfection of anti-miR-196a and wild-type NFKBIA 3'UTR significantly increased the relative activity of Renilla luciferase. CONCLUSION:miR-196a is one of the oncomiRs and may be a target microRNA of human pancreatic cancer for gene therapy.