A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent CO2 laser ablation versus topical administration of mitomycin C as therapy for equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy vs. CO₂ laser ablation for treating equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Study design Retrospective study. Sample population Twenty‐five horses with corneolimbal SCC. Procedures Medical records of horses undergoing surgical tumor resection followed by either topical MMC therapy (0.04%) or CO₂ laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within MMC subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was initiated relative to surgery. Results Therapy with topical MMC resulted in a nonrecurrence rate comparable to that achieved with CO₂ laser ablation (82.4% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Initiation of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site a mean of 15 days postoperatively did not result in increased recurrence rates relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period. Vision‐ or globe‐threatening complications tended to occur with greater frequency in horses receiving topical MMC in the immediate postoperative period (5 of 6 major complications) relative to following epithelialization of the surgical site (1 of 6 major complications). Conclusions Horses receiving adjunctive topical MMC therapy were no more likely to experience tumor recurrence than were horses undergoing CO₂ laser ablation in the horses in this study. Initiation of two to three rounds of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site results in fewer major complications and achieves comparable disease resolution relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period.     

Differential expression of cell cycle regulators p21, p27 and p53 in metastasizing canine mammary adenocarcinomas versus normal mammary glands

The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 are important regulators of cell cycle progression. To analyze their role in the malignant progression of canine mammary tumors expression levels of p27 and p21 and its major regulator p53 were compared in simple adenomas, adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland and lymph node metastases with normal mammary gland. Laser microdissection of tissue samples and real-time PCR were used for quantification of mRNA expression levels. p21 was overexpressed in adenocarcinomas, whereas adenomas and metastases expressed p21 more heterogeneously. Comparison of p21 expression in adenocarcinomas and their metastases revealed a significant decrease in expression in metastases. In contrast, p27 expression was reduced in the adenocarcinomas but heterogeneously expressed in adenomas and metastases. Taken together the results suggest that loss of p21 overexpression is associated with tumor metastasis while reduced cell cycle inhibition by p27 is associated with malignant progression.     

Effects of phillyrin on VEGF and endostatin expression in Lewis lung carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the effects of phillyrin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin expression in lung tumor tissues isolated from Lewis lung carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of VEGF and endostatin in control individuals and the patients with lung cancer was determined by immunohistochemistry. In the animal experiment, 5 groups of animals were examined: control, tumor model, and tumor model with 3 different concentrations of phillyrin treatments. For preparation of transplanted tumor model, Lewis cells were subcutaneously injected into the right limb armpit of the nude mice. After that, phillyrin was administered via oral gavage once daily for 20 d at dose of 5 or 10 g/kg, or twice daily at 10 g/kg. Lung tumor tissues isolated from each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. VEGF and endostatin expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: VEGF expression was increased in lung tumor tissues as compared with normal and pericarcinous tissues, while endostatin expression was decreased. Phillyrin significantly inhibited the tumor size and tumor tissue density dose-dependently, which was accompanied with a decrease in VEGF expression and an increase in endostatin expression. CONCLUSION: Phillyrin inhibits the development of lung tumor through reducing VEGF expression and increasing endostatin expression.     

Preliminary exploration for effect of EphA2 on drug resistance of colorectal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Eph receptor A2 (EphA2) on drug resistance of colorectal carcinoma cells and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of EphA2 at mRNA and protein levels in LoVo and LoVo/5-FU cells. EphA2 siRNA was transfected to down-regulate the EphA2 expression in LoVo/5-FU cells, and the drug sensitivity was calculated by CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing assay and Transwell assay, and the protein levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, Notch and Snail were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The expression of EphA2 at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly up-regulated in LoVo/5-FU cells (P<0.05). Knockdown of EphA2 suppressed the cell viability, and migration and invasion abilities, but promoted drug sensitivity of LoVo/5-FU cells. Up-regulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin, and down-regulation of N-cadherin and vimentin were observed, indicating that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was suppressed. Knockdown of EphA2 decreased the expression levels of Notch and Snail. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of EphA2 partly reverses drug resistance of LoVo/5-FU cells. The mechanism may be related to suppressing cell growth, migration, invasion and EMT process via Notch/Snail signaling pathway.     

人低分化鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤的微血管构筑

目的：观察人低分化鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤的微血管形态。方法：将人低分化鼻咽癌细胞单克隆株（ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５）接种于裸鼠皮下,然后对荷瘤鼠进行ＡＢＳ血管灌注,扫描电观察;移植瘤组织用因子Ⅶ相关抗原免疫组化（Ｓ－Ｐ）方法观察血管形态。结果：（１）肿瘤微血和构筑表现为外形不规则,窦状,囊腔状血管形成,血管分级不明显;（２）血管壁薄,血管腔数量少,管壁仅有一层内皮细胞,缺乏平滑肌,基底膜薄或缺如,内皮细胞间联     

Effects of extract of Oratosquilla on expression of P53, COX-2 and VEGF in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line

AIM: To study the inhibitory effect of the extract of Oratosquilla(EOS) on the expression of P53, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z.METHODS: CNE-2Z cells were treated with different concentrations of EOS for 24 h. The methods of RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of COX-2 and VEGF at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The protein expression of P53 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: After treated with EOS, the protein expression of P53 in CNE-2Z cells was decreased(P<0.01), and the expression of COX-2 and VEGF at mRNA and protein levels was also significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01). The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF(P<0.05), and a positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and P53 protein(P<0.05) was also observed.CONCLUSION: EOS may play its antitumor effect by inhibiting the expression of P53, COX-2 and VEGF in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z.     

槐耳颗粒配合肺叶切除术治疗原发性支气管肺癌的临床研究

目的 研究槐耳颗粒配合胸腔镜肺叶切除术对原发性支气管肺癌患者的影响。方法 选取2013年7月-2016年7月我院及承德医学院附属医院收治的原发性支气管肺癌患者96例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,对照组患者采用胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗,观察组患者采用槐耳颗粒配合胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效、高血钙发生情况、血清钙水平、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和癌胚抗原（CEA）水平。结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率100.0%,显著高于对照组87.5%（P<0.05）;治疗后两组高血钙发生率及血清钙水平较治疗前均降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;观察组患者治疗后高血钙发生率2.1%显著低于对照组18.8%（P<0.01）,血清钙水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后IGF-1、IL-8和CEA水平均明显低于治疗前（P<0.01）,且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 槐耳颗粒配合胸腔镜肺叶切除术能够有效提高原发性支气管肺癌患者治疗效果,降低IGF-1、血清钙、IL-8、CEA水平。     

Chloride currents activated by cisplatin in poorly differentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma cells are not Ca2+-activated chloride currents

AIM：To investigate the type of chloride channel activated by cisplatin in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells). METHODS：The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to investigate the role of Ca2+ in the activation of cisplatin-activated chloride currents and to analyze the effect of hypertonic stress on these currents in CNE-2Z cells. RESULTS：Chloride currents were induced when the cells were exposed to the calcium-free cisplatin solution, showing the similar density to the currents induced by cisplatin with the presence of extracellular calcium. However, the latency and the peak time of cisplatin-activated currents in the absence of extracellular calcium were prolonged. The activation of cisplatin-activated chloride currents was insensitive to the depletion of intra- and extracellular calcium. Calcium channel antagonist nifedipine had no effect on the cisplatin-activated chloride currents, while hypertonic solution completely inhibited those currents. CONCLUSION：The cisplatin-activated chloride currents are independent on intra/extracellular calcium. The chloride channels activated by cisplatin are not calcium-activated chloride channels, but are probably volume-sensitive chloride channels.