高能混合粒子场诱变小麦的细胞学效应研究

利用北京正负电子对撞机直线加速器E2束流打靶产生高能混合粒子场,以0、109、145、1952、84和560Gy的剂量处理两个冬小麦品种ZY9和ZH7,并与相同剂量的60Coγ射线相比较,研究其细胞学效应。试验结果表明,混合粒子场辐照小麦种子可抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂,诱发染色体出现单微核、双微核、多微核、环状染色体、落后染色体、游离染色体、染色体断片等多种畸变类型。混合粒子场与γ射线诱发的微核畸变率和染色体畸变率均存在明显的剂量效应,但混合粒子场的损伤效应明显高于γ射线。混合粒子场可诱发高频率的环状染色体和染色体断片,显示出混合粒子场处理小麦具有比γ射线处理更高的相对生物学效应。     

Impact of land degradation on soil respiration in a steppe (Stipa tenacissima L.) semi-arid ecosystem in the SE of Spain

Climate change scenarios predict increases in temperature, changes in precipitation patterns, and longer drought periods in most semi-arid regions of the world. Ecosystems in these regions are prone to land degradation, which may be aggravated by climate change. Soil respiration is one of the main processes responsible for organic carbon losses from arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We measured soil respiration over one year in two steppe ecosystems having different degrees of land degradation under three ground-covers: with vegetation, bare soil, and an intermediate situation between plants and bare soil.The largest differences in soil respiration rates between the sites were observed in spring, coinciding with the highest level of plant activity. The degraded site had drier and hotter soils with less soil water availability and a longer drought period. As a result, vegetation on the degraded site did not respond to spring rainfall events. Soil respiration showed a strong seasonal variability, with average annual rates of 1.1 and 0.8 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in the natural and degraded sites, respectively. We did not observe significant differences in soil respiration rates associated with ground-cover i.e., the temporal variation was much larger than the spatial variation. At both sites, soil moisture was the controlling driver of soil respiration for most of the year, when temperatures were above 20 °C and constrained the response to temperature for the few months when the temperature was below 20 °C. An empirical model based on soil temperature and soil moisture explained 90% and 72% of the seasonal variability of soil respiration on the natural and degraded sites, respectively. For the first time, this study suggests that land degradation may alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems through changes in the temporal dynamics of soil respiration and plant productivity, which have important negative consequences for ecosystem functioning and sustainability.     

硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜酶活性的影响

研究硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫严重抑制黄瓜幼苗生长,根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性明显降低。硅处理明显提高盐胁迫黄瓜根液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性,一定程度上维持了液泡膜质子泵活性,有效地防御了细胞质酸化,这可能是硅提高黄瓜耐盐性的一个重要因素。     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

高温诱导银白杨花粉染色体加倍研究

以银白杨为试验材料,在掌握小孢子母细胞减数分裂规律的基础上采用高温处理诱导花粉染色体加倍,对不同处理温度和处理持续时间在不同减数分裂时期的诱导效果进行了研究。结果表明：温室水培条件下,银白杨完成小孢子母细胞减数分裂大约需3~4d,不同时期和花药颜色变化有相关性;高温诱导银白杨2n花粉的最佳时期是中期Ⅰ,处理条件为36℃持续4h,最高2n花粉百分率39.6%,平均2n花粉百分率32.75%。高温处理后导致银白杨散粉延迟,相对于同一环境条件下的正常花芽散粉晚大约2~3d, 且花粉量很少。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

番茄ShARPC5抗白粉病功能分析

【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5(actin-related protein C5)进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777(Solanum habrochaites)cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)比较接种白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz)后高感品种Moneymaker(MM)和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induc...     

水稻OsGL1-2基因反义表达载体的构建

应用聚合酶链式反应技术（PCR）扩增水稻OsGL1-2基因反义片段及基因自身的启动子,并分别克隆到pUC19克隆载体上,得到含有OsGL1-2启动子＋OsGL1-2反义片段的中间载体.对重组子进行PCR检测和酶切分析并测序,结果表明,长度分别为417和2 199bp.将OsGL1-2启动子＋OsGL1-2反义片段克隆到植物表达载体pCambia1380多克隆位点,构建了该基因的植物反义表达栽体pCamGL1-2.     

孝顺竹种胚愈伤组织悬浮培养条件优化

本研究利用孝顺竹种胚诱导出的淡黄色胚性愈伤组织为材料,对影响细胞悬浮培养的摇床转速、培养液2,4-D浓度、继代天数、接种细胞浓度(W/V)等因素进行了研究.结果表明,悬浮培养时的摇床转速以120 r/min时培养效果较好,转速低于100 r/min时,愈伤组织容易结团,分散性差;适宜的2,4-D浓度为4～6 mg/L,低于4 mg/L时愈伤组织易褐变;接种后培养7 d是最佳的转接时期,至多不能超过10 d;接种细胞密度以4.0%最为合适,可保持较高的增殖速度,同时培养产物较多.在50 mL培养液(NB+500 mg/L Pro-line+500 mg/L Glutamine+300 mg/L Hydrolyzed casein+30 mg/L Sucrose+4～6 mg/L 2,4-D)中接种4.0%的愈伤组织,于120 r/min的转速下经过7 d培养,可增殖一倍以上,以后每7 d继代转接一次,培养大约一个月,便可以建立生长迅速、分散性好、均一的悬浮细胞系.     

梵净山3种茶叶茶多糖的含量比较分析

采用乙醇提取法分别对梵净山绿茶、石阡苔茶和梵净山翠峰中的茶多糖进行提取,用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定茶多糖的含量。结果表明:3种茶叶的多糖含量依次为:梵净山绿茶为4.99%,石阡苔茶为5.40%,梵净山翠峰为9.03%。由此可知,茶多糖的含量与其品种及产地有密切关系。