不同N源对兴安落叶松苗木生长,养分吸收及离子平衡的影响(英文)

本文研究了不同N源对落叶松苗木干物重、养分吸收及离子平衡的影响。结果表明:施铵态N的苗木干物重小于对照处理;施硝铵态N的苗木生长与对照和施硝态N的苗木差别不大,但较施铵态N的苗木生长要好。铵态N与硝铵态N处理苗木地上部的阳离子总浓度受N水平的影响很小,而硝态N处理时则阳离子浓度增加;各处理对地上部阴离子浓度的影响均不大。在根部除硫酸根与钙离子外,阳离子与阴离子浓度均变化不大。硝态N处理的苗木具有较高的C-A值;△(C-A)/△Norg值在硝态N处理的苗木中随N供应量的增加而略有变化,但铵态N处理则明显下降;硝铵态N处理苗木的△(C-A)/△Norg值界于铵态N处理与硝态N处理之间。     

Dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of mandarin grown in association with Albizia and mixed tree species

A study on dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of mandarin grown in association with N₂-fixing Albizia and mixed tree species (non-N₂-fixing) was carried out in the Sikkim Himalaya. A site with Albizia was referred asAlbizia-mandarin stand and the other site with mixed tree species as mandarin stand. The stand total biomass, net primary productivity and mandarin fruit production was higher under the influence of Albizia. Agronomic yield of crops remained nearly the same in both the stands. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of different components of Albizia were higher than those of mixed tree species, whereas their back translocation from leaf to branch before abscission was lower inAlbizia. The mandarin-based agroforestry is a highly nutrient-exhaustive system evaluated in terms of nutrient exit through the removal of agronomic yield. This system, under the influence of Albizia, was more productive with faster rates of nutrient cycling. Nutrient use efficiency increased under the influence of Albizia, in contrary to the hypothesis that efficiency should decrease with increasing rate of uptake. The poor nutrient conservation of Albizia, and malleability of nutrient cycling under its influence make it an excellent association which promotes higher availability and faster cycling of nutrients.Albizia should be utilised more extensively in the management of mandarin-based agroforestry systems.     

香椿苗氮素营养的研究

试验结果表明，香椿苗对氮素敏感，合理施用氮肥促进苗木磷、氮元素吸收，生长期间叶片含磷量≥０．１４％，含氮量≥４．ｏ％．该试验地条件下，在施Ｐ２Ｏ５１３０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２基础上，氮肥施用量与造林合格苗产量呈二次抛物线关系，回归方程为ｙ＝３０３１０．６＋５４６．８９ｘ－ｌ．０３９ｘ３，适宜施氮量范围为１８０～２７０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，最佳经济施氮量为２６１．３５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２．试验还对施肥后的土壤养分变化情况进行了研究。     

黑枣苗氮磷营养及经济施肥的研究

试验采用苗床施肥，结果表明，肥料用量适宜促进营养元素吸收利用，７～８月份苗木叶片含氮量３．５％～４．０％、含磷量０．２％～０．３％、含钾量１．０％或稍高时，苗木生长良好。在该试验条件下，施Ｐ２Ｏ５１２０ｋｇ／ｈａ、施纯氮１８０ｋｇ／ｈａ左右，幼苗产量、质量及施肥利润均达到较高水平。     

Gross N transformations were little affected by 4 years of simulated N and S depositions in an aspen-white spruce dominated boreal forest in Alberta, Canada

The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) depositions on gross N transformations in a boreal forest soil in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) in Alberta, Canada, were investigated using the ¹⁵N pool dilution method. Gross NH₄⁺ transformation rates in the organic layer tended to decline (P < 0.10, marginal statistical significance, same below) in the order of control (CK, i.e., no N or S addition), +N (30 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), +S (30 kg S ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and +NS treatments, with an opposite trend in the mineral soil. Gross NH₄⁺ immobilization rates were generally higher than gross N mineralization rates across the treatments, suggesting that the studied soil still had potential for microbial immobilization of NH₄⁺, even after 4 years of elevated levels of simulated N and S depositions. For both soil layers, N addition tended to increase (P < 0.10) the gross nitrification and NO₃⁻ immobilization rates. In contrast, S addition reduced (P < 0.001) and increased (P < 0.001) gross nitrification as well as tended (P < 0.10) to reduce and increase gross NO₃⁻ immobilization rates in the organic and mineral soils, respectively. Gross nitrification and gross NO₃⁻ immobilization rates were tightly coupled in both soil layers. The combination of rapid NH₄⁺ cycling, negligible net nitrification rates and the small NO₃⁻ pool size after 4 years of elevated N and S depositions observed here suggest that the risk of NO₃⁻ leaching would be low in the studied boreal forest soil, consistent with N leaching measurements in other concurrent studies at the site that are reported elsewhere.     

Variations in carbon and nitrogen ratios and their effects on seed germination in Cupressus sempervirens populations

This study investigated the variations in the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and C/N ratios in the seeds of the Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.), a typical forest tree of the Mediterranean Region. The data were gathered from populations distributed across Turkey. We also evaluated the relationship between these variations and germination parameters such as the germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT). All of the evaluated characteristics demonstrated statistically significant variations among the populations. The GPs were generally low and varied between 14% in Datça and 51% in the Köprülü Kanyon. The MGTs ranged from 14.9 in the Köprülü Kanyon to 18.9 in Marmaris. In addition, the C ratios varied between 46% in Marmaris and 52% in the Köprülü Kanyon, while the N ratios ranged from 1.1% in Beycik and Göksu to 1.8% in the Köprülü Kanyon. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the GP and the C and N contents (R² = 0.51 and R² = 0.49, respectively) but found a negative correlation between the MGT and the C and N contents (R² = 0.56 and R² = 0.32, respectively). Moreover, with regard to the combined C and N seed ratios of the regression models, R² = 0.95 for the GP and R² = 0.87 for the MGT, and the populations with higher quantities of C and N in their seeds had shorter MGTs and higher GPs.     

Nitrogen-15 Uptake by Pinus contorta Seedlings in Relation to Phenological Stage and Season

This study measured the amount of uptake of labeled nitrogen (¹⁵N) of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm) seedlings, at three different phenological stages, in a growth chamber experiment. Thirty days after ¹⁵N application, the amount of ¹⁵N recovered in seedlings as a percentage of the total ¹⁵N fertilizer applied was 4% in early spring, 43% in summer and 33% in autumn. The total ¹⁵N recovered in the plant–pot system ranged from 80 to 96%, and is higher than reported in other studies. Total ¹⁵N recovered from the pot compartment alone ranged from 48 to 95%, suggesting that substantial pools of N remain in the soil. Results suggest that low ¹⁵N uptake in the spring was associated with limited development of new root as a result of low spring soil temperatures. The lack of unsuberized roots in spring could be a key factor decreasing the effectiveness of early spring fertilization in the boreal forest.     

不同氮磷比与水分添加对刨花楠光合生理特性的影响分析

在全球变化的背景下,氮沉降现象普遍,降水分布不均,干旱变得更加频繁,植物对环境变化的响应与适应已成为亚热带地区研究的热点生态学课题之一。以亚热带珍贵常绿阔叶树种刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)为对象,探讨不同氮磷比及水分添加对其光合生理特性各指标的影响。结果表明:(1)水分对刨花楠净光合速率(P_n)、光补偿点(LCP)、蒸腾速率(T_r)有显著影响,干旱胁迫下(田间持水量为40%)的刨花楠的P_n、LCP和T_r会明显下降,与正常水分条件(田间持水量80%)相比,P_n下降了52%,LCP下降了72%,T_r下降了38%;而水分对光饱和点(LSP)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、水分利用效率(WUE)无显著影响;(2)不同氮磷添加对P_n、LSP、LCP、G_s、C_i、WUE等光合生理特性指标无显著影响。     

施N肥对会同杉木人工林N、P含量的影响

以湖南会同杉木基地Ⅱ号集水区杉木人工林为研究对象,对其进行施N肥实验,并进行一年期采样,测定不同施肥处理下N肥对杉木林N、P含量的影响及杉木器官与土壤N、P含量之间的相关关系。结果表明:施肥能够提高杉木土壤、细根、叶片的N和P含量,其中施N肥25 g/m~2能提高土壤的N、P含量,施N肥25g/m~2比施N肥5 g/m~2和15 g/m~2更能提高土壤中细根的N、P含量,施N肥5 g/m~2比施N肥15 g/m~2和25 g/m~2对提高叶片中的N含量的效果好,施N肥并未提高凋落物N含量。会同杉木人工林氮磷含量的增加说明施肥能够促进杉木林的生长。