荧光定量PCR技术在疾病检测上的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术融汇了传统PCR技术灵敏、快速、特异的特点以及光谱技术的高敏感性和高精确定量的优点,以直接探测PCR过程中荧光信号的变化获得定量的结果。因其具有特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、定量准确、速度快、全封闭反应等优点,成为当前疫病检测广泛采用的分子生物学诊断技术。本文就实时荧光定量PCR技术在疾病检测上的应用作一综述。     

Brucella melitensis infection following military duty in Iraq

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease worldwide; however, few cases are reported in the US. Brucella melitensis infections are primarily acquired via consumption of high-risk foods or travel to endemic areas. We describe a case of B. melitensis infection in a Tennessee soldier following deployment in Iraq. Initial symptoms included knee and back pain. Culture of an aspirate of the left sacroiliac joint yielded B. melitensis. Genetic analysis indicated that this isolate came from the Middle East. Investigation of laboratory workers identified risky exposures and positive serology prompting post-exposure prophylaxis. Military personnel and other travellers should be advised to reduce risk regarding food consumption and animal contact in endemic areas. Additionally, medical providers should remain vigilant for non-endemic zoonoses among recent travellers.     

蘑菇渣和园林废物堆肥复配基质在黄瓜育苗上的应用效果

以腐熟的蘑菇渣堆肥、园林修剪废物堆肥、草炭、蛭石为原料,通过将蘑菇渣堆肥与园林废物堆肥以不同比例替代草炭后对复配基质的理化特性及普通白菜生长的影响筛选出适宜的配方,并以草炭∶蛭石=7 V∶3 V为对照,探讨该配方对黄瓜幼苗生长指标的影响。结果表明,蘑菇渣堆肥∶园林废物堆肥∶草炭∶蛭石=3 V∶4 V∶7 V∶6 V为最佳基质配方;受EC值过高的影响,蘑菇渣堆肥和园林废物堆肥替代草炭最大比例不宜超过40 %;所获配方基质培育出的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、干物质积累和壮苗指数等指标均显著优于对照。     

金针菇液体菌种培养液配方筛选试验

为适应高海拔气候条件下金针菇规模化栽培生产,以青海省农林科学院野生植物研究所选育的金针1号菌株为试材,研究了5种培养基配方对金针菇菌种生长的影响。结果表明:2号培养基配方(玉米粉5%、麸皮1%、酵母粉0.5%、葡萄糖2%、KH2PO40.1%、MgSO40.05%、CaCO30.2%、维生素B11 mg),在25℃1、80 r/min的培养条件下,恒温培养6～7 d,培养出的金针菇液体菌种菌液清亮、颜色浅黄、菇香味浓、菌球直径小、密度大,接种栽培袋后,多点上下同时发菌,发菌速度快,菌龄一致,与对照固体菌种接种后发菌时间对比缩短18 d。     

呼市地区秋红李主要病虫害防治措施探讨

本文通过对呼市地区李树主要病虫害的危害及防治措施初步探讨,使果品的质量有所改善,优质率提高,为进一步大面积推广提供了科学依据,以获得最大的生态、经济和社会效益。     

Allergy Testing for Skin Disease in the Cat In Vivo vs In Vitro Tests

Abstract— The results of in vitro and in vivo tests for 36 cats with signs suggestive of allergic skin disease were compared. The cats were presented to the dermatology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, with a variety of skin conditions. Intradermal skin testing with flea extract alone (six cats) or combined with a panel of 40 inhalant altergens (30 cats) was employed. Serum samples were tested with a commercial IgE ELISA against flea extract and 36 inhalant allergens. A diagnosis of flea bite hypersensitivity was made in 18 cats, atopic disease in nine cats and food hypersensitivity in one cat. Intradermal skin testing gave a positive predictive value in over 85 per cent of flea allergic cases and 100 per cent of atopic cases; the IgE ELISA test demonstrated relatively low predictive values for flea allergy and atopic disease and was not considered to be a useful diagnostic test. Résumé— Les résultats de tests in vitro et in vivo faits chez 36 chats ayant des symptômes évocateurs d'une dermite allergique ont été comparés. Des tests cutanés à la seule puce (six chats) ou combinés avec un panel de pneumallergènes (30 chats) ont été utilisés. Les sérums ont été testés avec un kit commercial de dosages d'IgE spécifiques de la puce et de 36 pneumallergènes par technique EIA. Un diagnostic de dermite par hyperseensibilité aux piqùres de puce a été fait chez 18 chats, une atopie chez neuf et une hypersensibilité d'origine alimentaire chez un. Les tests cutanés avaient une valeur prédictive de 85% pour les allergies à la puce et 100% pour les cas d'atopie; les tests IgE EIA avaient une valeur prédictive assez faible et n'ont pas été considérés comme étant un test utilisable en diagnostic. Resumen En este artículo se comparan los resultados de pruebas in vivo e in vitro efectuadas en 36 gatos con cuadro clínico indicativo de alergias cutáneas. Éstos animales fueron presentados en la sección de Dermatología del departamento de medicina de la Universidad de Bristol con una variedad de condiciones cutäneas. En las pruebas de invecciones intradérmicas se utilizaron alergenos de extracto de pulga solos o combinados con un panel de 40 alergenos inhalatorios (30 gatos). También se llevaron a cabo pruebas de suero con el test comercial de IgE ELISA para el extracho de pulga y 36 de los alergenos inhalatorios. En 18 de los gatos se diagnostico hipersensitividad a las pulgas, en nueve atopía y solo uno hipersensitividad a los alimentos. Las pruebas intradérmicas produjeron una predictividad positiva en 85% de los casos de alergia a las pulgas y 100% de los casos de atopía. Sin embargo el test ELISA de IgE produjo una baja predictividad relativa en los casos de hipersensitividad a las pulgas y casos de atopía y no se consideró como un test de gran utilidad diagnóstica.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN SMALL ANIMALS

Sonographic findings of 18 dogs and four cats with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases were reviewed. Wall thickness, wall layer identification, wall symmetry, extension of the lesion, nature of the GI contents, motility, and regional and/or systemic involvement were recorded for each animal. Ultrasonographic appearance of gastrointestinal neoplasms, gastrointestinal obstruction, ileus, intussusception, inflammatory GI diseases, and congenital disorders are discussed.     

Relationships between the presence of Johne's disease and farm and management factors in dairy cattle in England

The data collected by a postal questionnaire sent to 3772 randomly selected dairy farmers in England and the border regions in Wales were used to estimate the relationships between the presence of clinical Johne's disease and farm and management factors associated with that disease. Two binary outcomes (case reported in 1993, case reported in 1994) and 27 predictor variables were considered. Only two variables were consistently and significantly associated with clinical disease in multivariable analysis. Farms on which Channel Island breeds were predominant were associated with an increased risk of reporting disease (odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 10.9 to 12.9). The presence of farmed deer on the farm also increased the risk of reporting disease (ORs ranged from 15.2 to 209.3). There were other significant but inconsistent associations involving the source of replacements, age of first-offering hay, type of concentrate feed to calves, and calving in individual pens when the cows were at grass. Since Johne's disease is predominantly subclinical, these contributing factors may play important roles in switching subclinical infection to overt disease.     

沿海木麻黄防护林的主要病虫害及其防治对策

本文综述了我国沿海木麻黄防护林的主要病虫害及其防治对策，着重阐述了生物防治与抗性育种方面的内容，还介绍了近年来国内外木麻黄林几种较为重要的病虫害的概况。