我国食用菌虫害物理防治与生物防治研究现状

简明综述了我国食用茵虫害物理防治与生物防治研究概况，概述了这方面的防治方法，并提出了今后的研究趋势及新的研究方向。     

极晚熟制汁葡萄品种‘北香’

 ‘北香’由‘蘡薁葡萄’与‘亚历山大’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区10月上旬成熟。果粒椭圆形, 紫黑色, 果粒质量2.21 g, 果穗质量194.8 g, 浆果可溶性固形物含量18.6% , 酸含量0.63% , 出汁率80.6%。汁多, 红紫色, 味酸甜, 品质上等。早果, 丰产。抗逆性强。     

家畜传染病学实验教学改革初探

针对较为单调、枯燥、不利于提高学生综合素质的旧的实验教学方式 ,通过近几年的尝试和探讨 ,初步形成了一套以启发、提问、幻灯、录象、多媒体、生产实践相结合的新的家畜传染病实验教学模式。对促进学生理论联系实际 ,提高分析问题、解决问题及综合设计能力起到了良好的作用     

Detection and Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora</Emphasis> Species in Southern Italy by RFLP and Sequence Analysis of PCR-amplified Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

In four neighbouring regions of southern Italy, Basilicata, Campania, Apulia and Calabria, pepper and zucchini plants showing Phytophthora blight symptoms, tomato plants with either late blight or buckeye rot symptoms, plants of strawberry showing crown rot symptoms and declining clementine trees with root and fruit rot were examined for Phytophthora infections by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using primers directed to nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat sequences. All diseased plants and trees examined tested positive. The detected fungal-like organisms were differentiated and characterized on the basis of primer specificity as well as through extensive restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA. Phytophthora capsici was identified in diseased pepper and zucchini plants, P. infestans was identified in tomato with late blight symptoms whereas buckeye rot-affected tomatoes and diseased strawberry plants proved to be infected by P. nicotianae and P. cactorum, respectively. Declining clementine trees were infected with P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae in about the same proportion. Also, thirty-one pure culture-maintained isolates of Phytophthora which had previously been identified in southern Italy by traditional methods but were never examined molecularly, were examined by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified nuclear rDNA. Among these, an isolate from gerbera which had previously been identified by traditional methods only at genus level, was assigned to P. tentaculata. For the remaining pure culture-maintained isolates examined, the molecular identification data obtained corresponded with those delineated by traditional methods. Most of the diseases examined were already known to occur in southern Italy but the pathogens were molecularly detected and fully characterized at nuclear rDNA repeat level only from other geographic areas, very often outside Italy. A new disease to southern Italy was the Phytophthora blight of zucchini. This is also the first report on the presence and molecular identification of P. tentaculata from Italy.     

林下草坪管理及病害防治

对林下草坪的生长特点、管理措施、病害及其防治进行了调查研究。结果表明 ,不同树种对不同草坪草种的生长发育影响不同 ,其病害种类及发生程度亦有所不同。提出了林下草坪管理措施及病害防治方法。     

复方适乐时拌种防治农作物苗期病害及地下害虫的研究

在自然发病地和土壤混合接菌条件下 ,应用 10 %复方适乐时悬浮剂拌种防治小麦和玉米苗期病害及地下害虫 .结果表明 ,以复方适乐时 2 5mL·kg-1小麦种子和 5mL·kg-1玉米种子拌种防效最高 ,对苗期病害平均防效 74 36 %～ 94 0 3% ,对地下害虫平均防效 92 8%～ 10 0 % .复方适乐时拌种比三唑酮安全性高 ,对小麦和玉米的生长和发育无不良影响     

Recent advances in artrial elastin

The elastin has been investigated since the 1950s, and it has been found that elastin relates to the vascular diseases in recent years. In this review, the elastin gene structure, distribution and its role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and aging are summarized.     

RADIOGRAPHY REVIEW: THE VASCULAR AND BRONCHIAL PATTERNS OF PULMONARY DISEASE

Pulmonary blood vessels account for the majority of radiographically visible structures in normal lung. The vascular pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by changes in vessel size, shape, contour. Changes in size can be classified as hypo vasularity (decreased size) or hyper vascularity (increased size). The pulmonary arteries and veins may be affected separately or simultaneously. In normal lung, the bronchial structures peripheral to the hilar area are not seen clearly. The bronchial pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by alteractions in bronchial wall thickness and dinsity, or in bronchial lumen diameter. Mixtures of the four lung patterns, i.e. , alveolar, interstitial, bronchial, and vascular, occur frequently. The lung radiographic pattern in an individual animal depends not only on the disease process present, but also on the stage of the disease during which they are radiographed.     

Diagnoses and treatments in health-classified fattening herds rearing pigs all in-all out

This study describes diseases encountered, medications used and veterinary involvement in all in--all out finishing herds belonging to one pork production system. The finishing herds had a particular management and housing regime. The pigs originated from health classified farrowing units. Information on 207,442 pigs was collected from 595 log books. Altogether 91% of the pigs received no treatments. Four percent of the batches of pigs were given antimicrobial mass medications. The local veterinarian visited the herds on average 2.6 times during the finishing period and made the diagnoses in more than half of the cases. At least one pig was affected with arthritis or tail biting in more than half of the batches, whereas locomotory diseases were recorded in one third of the batches. All other diagnoses were encountered in 1%-13% of the batches. Only a few pigs were treated individually in the affected groups. Antimicrobial drugs were given to 8% and other medicines to 0.7% of the pigs. The diagnosis was missing at least for one pig in 29% of the batches and the information about the medicine use in 8% of the treatments was missing. The study shows that it is possible to rear finishing pigs with only a small proportion of the animals needing treatments. The need of mass medications was low, because infectious diseases affecting the whole herd were uncommon. The recommendations for antimicrobial use given by the authorities had been followed quite well. The farmers and the veterinarians should be educated in order to realise the importance of proper record keeping.     

Antibody-ELISA seroprevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the Eastern Province of Zambia

A longitudinal study was conducted over a 1-year period in six selected villages in Petauke and Katete districts in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Starting in November 1997, 50 animals were sampled at random at each village every 2 months. The parasitological prevalence of trypanosomosis was determined by the haematocrit centrifugation buffy-coat technique, supplemented with thick and thin Giemsa-stained blood films. Serum samples also were collected for anti-trypanosomal antibody determination by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Parasitological prevalence was highly variable between villages and between visits (range: 0–28.6%; median: 3.1%). Seroprevalence was also variable between villages (range: 0–80.8%; median: 50%), but was less variable between visits. Average annual parasitological prevalence and average annual seroprevalence for each village were highly correlated [R² (adjusted for d.f.)=0.89, p<0.01]. Seroprevalence measured on any single visit to a study village was better than parasitological prevalence as a predictor of average annual parasitological prevalence.