市售进口Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味物质对比研究

分别采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)法和顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)-GC-MS法对6种不同品牌的市售Camembert干酪的游离脂肪酸和挥发性风味化合物进行比较分析。结果表明:6种市售进口Camembert干酪中的游离脂肪酸种类是一致的,肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸是水解生成量较多的游离脂肪酸,且6种样品的总游离脂肪酸含量差异不显著;6种样品所含的挥发性风味化合物含量存在显著性差异,其中样品FRA1和FRA2的羧酸类化合物含量最高,而其他4种样品的酮类化合物含量较高,这可能与干酪的成熟度有关;感官评价结果表明,样品FRA1和FRA2的单项感官指标评分和总体评分均较低,其他4种干酪得分无显著性差异。     

Effects of muscle type on beef taste‐traits assessed by an electric sensing system

To assess the role of muscle fiber type in beef taste‐traits, we analyzed cooked meats from bovine masseter, diaphragm, psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus muscles with an electric taste sensing system (INSENT SA402B). The system is composed of five taste sensors of polymer membranes fixing different lipids. The sensors, CT0, CA0, AAE, C00 and AE1 are designed to respond to the individual tastes of salty, sour, umami, bitter and astringent, respectively. The system found significant differences in the converted outputs of CA0 (cvCA0), C00 (cvC00) and AE1 (cvAE1) among the bovine muscles. The slow‐type muscles (masseter and diaphragm) showed lower cvCA0, higher cvC00, and higher cvAE1 than did the fast‐type muscles (psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus). Lactic acid content was different among muscle types and was highly related to the cvCA0 output and pH. carbonyl compounds and free fatty acids were higher in the slow‐type muscles. Free fatty acids were major components causing the difference in the C00 output among the muscle types. Iron content was also different among the muscle types and related to the cvC00 and cvAE1 outputs. These results suggested that the muscle fiber type affects the beef taste characteristics.     

饲料中L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

选用平均体重为(8.25±1.18) g的池塘养殖斑节对虾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个水泥池(100 cm×100 cm×100 cm)养虾60尾,分别投喂添加0、50、100和200 mg/kg L-肉碱的配合饲料4周.在实验的第0、1、2、3、4周分别从每个重复中随机取样,测定肌肉中的肌苷酸含量,研究L-肉碱对斑节对虾肌肉风味的影响.结果显示,1周后,实验组对虾肌肉肌苷酸含量均有所提高,其中50 mg/kg的实验组肌苷酸含量比对照组高27.39%(P＜0.05);2周后50 mg/kg的实验组比对照组高15.85% (P＜0.05),随着肉碱添加浓度升高对虾肌肉中肌苷酸含量呈下降趋势;3、4周后,实验组肌苷酸含量均比对照组低,呈现明显的负相关.与野生斑节对虾相比,池塘养殖对虾肌苷酸含量均比野生的低,但使用实验配制的饲料养殖4周后的对照组则与其有接近趋势.     

加热对牛奶中风味物质的影响

试验用有机溶剂乙醚萃取了原料乳和巴氏杀菌乳中的风味物质,并用气相色谱(GC)-质谱(MS)联用法结合内标法对其进行定性和相对定量分析。结果表明,在原料乳的风味物质中,共鉴定出46种物质,主要由C_8～C_(20)的酮类、烷烃、烷酸和酯类组成;在加热温度为65℃时间为30 min的巴氏杀菌乳中,共鉴定出69种物质,除上述几类物质外还含有醛类、酯类和烯类等物质。其中辛烷、环氧乙烷、己酸、苯乙酮、壬醛、辛酸、十二烷、2-癸醛、十三烷、2,4(E)(E)-十二烯醛、2-亚甲基-环戊醇、癸酸等具有较强的挥发性,是牛乳中风味物质中的重要成分。     

液熏鲟鱼片生产工艺优化与品质影响分析

研究了液熏鲟鱼片的加工工艺及其对品质的影响,以期为液熏鲟鱼片产品开发提供理论指导。从烟熏液种类、烟熏液质量分数、液熏时间和干燥时间4个方面对烟熏鲟鱼片的工艺进行了优化。结果表明,山楂核烟熏香味料Ⅱ号,烟熏液质量分数5%,液熏3 h,85℃干燥2 h处理条件下液熏鲟鱼片具有浓郁而宜人的烟熏风味。进一步从微生物、含水率、粗蛋白、脂肪、盐分、有效酸度(p H值)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、苯并芘和挥发性风味成分方面评价鱼片液熏干燥后品质的变化,结果表明鲟鱼片总菌数由液熏前2×10~3CFU/g减少为液熏后5×10~2CFU/g,酚类物质相对含量由液熏前0.89%升高到液熏后8.62%。鲟鱼片液熏干燥后含水率减少而粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量升高,产品中未检出致病菌,苯并芘含量(质量比)仅为0.22μg/kg。以上研究结果表明经本试验优化工艺制得的液熏鲟鱼片产品微生物及苯并芘含量符合相关标准,且风味良好,适宜进行大规模生产和推广。     

十六个樱桃番茄品种果实风味品质相关指标比较分析

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)等技术手段,对目前生产上16个主栽樱桃番茄(Solanum lycopersicum Mill. var. cerasiforme)品种的风味评分及相关指标进行测定和比较分析,解析决定樱桃番茄风味的主要影响因素。研究表明,相比其他风味相关指标,不同番茄品种间柠檬酸、苹果酸、V_c和氨基酸含量的差异较大。16个参试品种中,浙江省农业科学院蔬菜研究所的浙樱粉1号、浙樱黄1号,日本金子种苗株式会社的黄妃,及山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所的天正红珠风味评分排名前4,以上品种的7项风味及营养决定指标参数(可溶性固形物、总糖、有机酸、果糖、葡萄糖、柠檬酸和V_c)均显著高于风味评价排名后4名的参试番茄品种。进一步的相关性分析结果表明,风味评分与可溶性固形物、总糖、有机酸、果糖、葡萄糖和V_c含量显著正相关,而与糖酸比等复合参数无显著相关性。由上述结果可知,番茄风味品质的主要指标为可溶性固形物、总糖(果糖+葡萄糖)、有机酸(主要是柠檬酸)和V_c。此外,氨基酸作为传统意义上的营养物质,可能与番茄风味存在一定关联。     

Seasoned Sprat Products’ Acceptance in Estonia and in Thailand

The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate competitiveness of Estonian spice-cured sprat products in Estonia and Thailand. Sample A was saltiest, Sample B had lowest overall spiciness, and Sample C had highest pepper flavor and sour taste intensity. The main drivers of consumer acceptance for the spice-cured sprat products were different: flavor and appearance in Estonia and appearance and odor in Thailand. In Estonia, one cluster of consumers liked the traditional (Sample A) and lightly spiced (Sample B) sprat products, while the other cluster liked the traditional (Sample A) and the marinated (Sample C) sprat products. In Thailand, all samples scored low, but manual clustering indicated that marinated (Sample C) sprat products are most acceptable. The current study showed that spice-cured sprat products in general can be accepted by Thai consumers, especially as part of meals, if further flavor development is carried out with the products.     

茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉风味的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肌肉风味的影响.1080只25日龄青脚麻鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每重复36只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮基础上添加5％的菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加1％、3％、5％的茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验期为28 d.结果 ...     

番茄茎秆浸提液对番茄生长和风味品质的影响

为探究番茄茎秆资源化应用技术及效果,本研究利用番茄茎杆有氧发酵浸提液(EX1)和番茄茎杆厌氧发酵浸提液(EX2)水培番茄,以山崎营养液处理为对照(CK),对番茄植株的生长形态、果实营养品质和挥发性物质等相关指标进行分析.结果 表明:1)EX1和EX2处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积和生物量等指标低于CK处理,但番茄果实可溶性固...     

中草药添加剂对异育银鲫肌肉生化成分的影响

设计中草药配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ，各以0．5％、1％、2％剂量添加到基础饲料中，饲喂异育银鲫（体重1．6－2．2g），2个月后，测定鱼体肌肉的水分，蛋白质、脂肪、灰分，脂肪酸，氨基酸的含量，结果表明，异育银鲫肌肉中水分、蛋白质，各种脂肪酸，水解和游离氨基酸的含量均无显著变化，复方中草药添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ对异育银鲫肌肉蛋白质的营养价值和呈味氨基酸的含量无不良影响（P＞0．05），其中，配方Ⅱ的2％添加量可显著地提高异育银鲫鱼肉的脂肪含量，从而改善鱼的肉质。