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31.
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N. Ioannou 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(3):248-256
Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) is presently standard practice in greenhouse tomato production. Since this
compound is scheduled to be phased out by 2005, the possibility of using solarization as an alternative soil disinfestation
method was examined in four greenhouse tomato trials. Solarization was applied for 8 weeks in July-August, using transparent
polyethylene sheets for soil mulching, and compared with MB fumigation applied in September, before planting, at 80 g/m2. Solarization raised the maximum soil temperature by 9°C and reduced the population density ofFusarium spp. in soil by 91–98%. Similar reductions of soil inoculum (95–99%) were obtained with MB fumigation. Both methods provided
effective control of Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and corky root rot on tomato plants. MB fumigation was in addition highly
effective against root-knot nematodes, whereas nematode control with solarization did not exceed 50%. Both treatments resulted
in similar fruit yield increases, ranging within 90–140% compared with plants grown in untreated soil. During the second cropping
season following soil treatment, solarization exhibited two times higher residual effectiveness against vascular wilt diseases
compared with MB fumigation. The latter treatment, however, was superior to solarization in its residual effectiveness against
root-knot nematodes and to a lesser extent against corky root rot. Fruit yields from solarized and MB-fumigated soil during
the second cropping season were higher than those obtained from untreated soil by approximately 35% and 60%, respectively.
In Cyprus, solarization appears to be an effective alternative to MB fumigation in greenhouse tomato production, especially
if integrated with other approaches enabling more effective nematode control. 相似文献
34.
Waseem Akbar Anilkumar Gowda Jeffrey E Ahrens Jason W Stelzer Robert S Brown Scott L Bollman John T Greenplate Jeffrey Gore Angus L Catchot Gus Lorenz Scott D Stewart David L Kerns Jeremy K Greene Michael D Toews David A Herbert Dominic D Reisig Gregory A Sword Peter C Ellsworth Larry D Godfrey Thomas L Clark 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):867-877
35.
炭疽菌是重要的植物病原真菌,能够引起多种植物炭疽病。真菌病毒广泛存在于植物病原菌中,侵染炭疽菌属真菌的病毒资源有待挖掘。本文利用宏病毒组测序技术,对分离自我国南部6个省份不同油茶园的40株油茶炭疽菌中的病毒进行了鉴定。经过同源比对分析,发现10种基因组类型均为正义单琏RNA的新病毒。它们分属于减毒病毒科(Hypoviridae)、裸露病毒科(Narnaviridae)、线粒体病毒科(Mitoviridae)和葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)。本研究是我国南方油茶炭疽病菌携带病毒的首次报道。研究结果丰富了炭疽菌属所携带的病毒基因组信息,可为深入分析炭疽菌真菌病毒的多样性和分子特性奠定基础。 相似文献
36.
杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病菌的毒力及毒素产生的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为筛选防治玉米穗腐病同时减少病原菌毒素积累的化学药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法、涂布平板法分别测定了4种药剂多菌灵、百菌清、吡唑醚菌酯和氰烯菌酯对玉米穗腐病的3种主要致病镰孢菌拟轮生镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了4种药剂对其毒素积累的影响。结果表明:层出镰孢菌菌株127-1和禾谷镰孢菌菌株125-3的最佳产毒时间为第10天。供试4种药剂对3种镰孢菌菌丝生长的EC50值范围为0.18~5.71μg/m L,对孢子萌发的EC50值范围为0.02~8.14μg/m L,均表现出一定的抑制作用。但对3种镰孢菌产伏马毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇的影响不尽相同,吡唑醚菌酯浓度在1~500μg/m L时能够抑制拟轮生镰孢菌和层出镰孢菌产生伏马毒素,氰烯菌酯能够在0.05~0.8μg/m L浓度范围内显著抑制禾谷镰孢菌产生玉米赤霉烯酮,当多菌灵浓度为0.05~0.5μg/m L时,几乎可以完全抑制禾谷镰孢菌产生脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇。 相似文献
37.
38.
观赏槭树的苗期试验初报 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
观赏槭树育苗试验表明,不同树种、种源间种实发芽率差异较大。发芽率较高的种类有樟叶槭(92%)、鸡爪槭(90%)、三角枫(90%),其次是复叶槭(85%)、红花槭(82%)、橄榄槭(76%)和元宝槭(75%);茶条槭、五角槭、罗浮槭发芽率均小于70%。1年生苗高生长量以复叶槭最大(113.98 cm),其次是三角枫(101.21 cm);樟叶槭和鸡爪槭1年生苗生长量中等,当年生长量分别为62.43 cm和71.74 cm;罗浮槭、青榨槭和橄榄槭1年生苗高生长量较小。季节生长节律有3种类型:橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭等几种槭树表现为第1类型(前期生长型),即5月前苗木缓慢生长,6~7月进入速生期,7月以后苗木渐渐停止生长,速生期较短。复叶槭和青榨槭表现为第2种类型:1年生苗全年高生长有2次高峰,出现在6月和9月;樟叶槭和三角枫季节生长节律表现为第3种类型:5月生长缓慢,6月生长开始加快进入速生期,一直持续到8月底,速生期长。三角枫、橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭、复叶槭和青榨槭等几种槭树表现出较强的抗寒性,樟叶槭和罗浮槭抗寒性较差。 相似文献
39.
2003-2005年从西安亚健国际高尔夫球场和郑州21世纪高尔夫练习场的果岭上采集到草坪灰斑病样品,按照柯赫氏法则对其进行了病原物的分离、纯化、致病性测定和菌株鉴定,并进行了温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的初步研究。结果表明,病株分离物优势菌群为弯孢霉,分离频率为77.1%。致病性测定结果表明,回接后发病株率达80%以上,并产生与田间相类似的症状,病株上获得的其他分离物均不能导致灰斑病症状的出现,证实高尔夫果岭灰斑病是由弯孢霉侵染导致的一种病害。温度和pH值对病原菌生长影响的研究结果表明,该菌生长最适pH值和温度范围分别为6~8和25~30℃。 相似文献
40.
Combined Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Rapid Testing and Molecular Epidemiology in Conventional Broiler Flocks
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G. Schallegger S. Muri‐Klinger K. Brugger C. Lindhardt L. John M. Glatzl M. Wagner B. Stessl 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(8):588-599
Campylobacter spp. are important causes of bacterial zoonosis, most often transmitted by contaminated poultry meat. From an epidemiological and risk assessment perspective, further knowledge should be obtained on Campylobacter prevalence and genotype distribution in primary production. Consequently, 15 Austrian broiler flocks were surveyed in summer for their thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination status. Chicken droppings, dust and drinking water samples were collected from each flock at three separate sampling periods. Isolates were confirmed by PCR and subtyped. We also compared three alternative methods (culture‐based enrichment in Bolton broth, culture‐independent real‐time PCR and a lateral‐flow test) for their applicability in chicken droppings. Twelve flocks were found to be positive for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. during the entire sampling period. Seven flocks (46.6%) were contaminated with both, C. jejuni and C. coli, five flocks harboured solely one species. We observed to a majority flock‐specific C. jejuni and C. coli genotypes, which dominated the respective flock. Flocks within a distance <2 km shared the same C. jejuni genotypes indicating a cross‐contamination event via the environment or personnel vectors. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of C. jejuni revealed that the majority of isolates were assigned to globally distributed clonal complexes or had a strong link to the human interface (CC ST‐446 and ST4373). The combination of techniques poses an advantage over risk assessment studies based on cultures alone, as, in the case of Campylobacter, occurrence of a high variety of genotypes might be present among a broiler flock. We suggest applying the lateral‐flow test under field conditions to identify ‘high‐shedding’ broiler flocks at the farm level. Consequently, poultry farmers and veterinarians could improve hygiene measurements and direct sanitation activities, especially during the thinning period. Ultimately, real‐time PCR could be applied to quantify Campylobacter spp. directly from chicken droppings and avoid non‐interpretable results achieved by culture‐dependent methods. 相似文献