蚯蚓与黑麦草相互作用对土壤中荧蒽去除的影响

Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the removal of fluoranthene from a sandy-loam alluvial soil were investigated in a 70-d microcosm experiment. The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates: without earthworms or ryegrass (control, CK), with earthworms only (E), with ryegrass only (P), and with both earthworms and ryegrass (EP). The residual fluoranthene, microbial biomass C, and polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil changed significantly (P<0.01) with time. In general, the residual concentration of fluoranthene in the soil decreased sharply from 71.8-88.7 to 31.7-37.4 mg kg 1 in 14 d, and then decreased gradually to 19.7-30.5 mg kg 1 on the 70th d. The fluoranthene concentration left in the soil was the least with both earthworms and ryegrass, compared to the other treatments at the end of the experiment. Half-life times of fluoranthene in the E, P, and EP treatments were 17.8%-36.3% smaller than that of CK. More fluoranthene was absorbed by earthworms than ryegrass. However, the total amounts of fluoranthene accumulated in both the ryegrass and earthworms were small, only accounting for 0.01%-1.20% of the lost fluoranthene. Therefore, we assumed that microbial degradation would play a dominant functional role in fluoranthene removal from soil. We found that earthworms significantly increased microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity (P<0.01) in the presence of ryegrass at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly (P<0.05) and negatively related to the residual fluoranthene concentration. This implied that earthworms might promote the removal of fluoranthene from soil via stimulating microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity.     

云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶研究

 采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续垂直板电泳系统,对30份云南野生和逸生苜蓿材料多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）进行了检测。结果表明：供试材料PPO检测分离出10条酶带,SOD 为6条酶带,二者多态位点百分数均为100%。对酶谱进行谱形分析表明,除1,3,4号3份二倍体材料外,其他材料均具有多条相同的共有谱带,但也存在明显差异;采用类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,表明30份供试材料亲缘关系的远近与地理分布呈一定的相关性。试验结果可以作为研究云南苜蓿资源遗传关系的基础。     

远红外辐射对萎凋叶氧化酶活性及红茶品质的影响

基于远红外特有的光热效应以及光萎凋在茶叶加工中的优越性,通过单因素试验深入分析不同时长和强度的远红外光萎凋对多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及红茶生化成分和感官品质的影响.结果 表明,萎凋叶中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性随远红外光强度的上升而上升,随远红外光时间的延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,POD活性变化...     

大久保桃果实多酚氧化酶某些特性的研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,分析了大久保桃多酚氧化酶(PPO)的最适pH、最适作用温度、酶促动力学参数Km值及其抑制剂。结果表明,大久保桃多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为6.0,最适作用温度34℃,Km=9.7×10-2mmol/L;偏亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、巯基乙醇对大久保桃PPO的活性有较强的抑制作用。     

果蔬酶促褐变的条件及控制方法研究

酶促褐变是引起水果、蔬菜贮存、加工过程中营养价值、外观品质等降低的主要原因之一.果蔬酶促褐变的三个必要生化条件是酚类物质、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和氧气;加热处理、调节pH值和添加抑制剂等均能有效防止果蔬的酶促褐变.     

Catalase peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities and O‐diphenolics contents in sunflower leaves grown with different boron levels

Cataiase, peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities, so as odiphenolics content in sunflower leaves grown in hydroponics with 4 B levels (0.05; 0.25; 0.5 and 2.0 ppm) were determined. The biochemical assays were made when visual symptons were clearly developed.

Cataiase activity significantly increased in B deficient leaves. Peroxidase, IAA‐oxidase activities and o‐diphenolics content did not significantly change with B levels. The lag period for IAA‐oxidase activity was significantly reduced in B deficient and toxic leaves with respect to the normal ones. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that one of the B action could be to enhance cataiase activity, the “in vivo” decrease of H₂O₂ levels beeing the cause of the variation in other enzymatic activities related with that substrate.     

低温季节西南亚高山森林土壤多酚氧化酶动态研究

以亚高山针叶林均质化土壤为研究对象,采用裸露地表、凋落物覆盖、积雪覆盖、凋落物和积雪同时覆盖4个不同覆盖处理的原位培养实验,对各处理在低温季节(11月～5月)土壤表层(0~10cm)和下层(10～20 cm)多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性动态进行了分析,结果表明:(1)在低温季节,所有处理表层PPO活性在12~2月出现波动,差异不显著;下层土壤PPO活性逐渐升高,到低温季节结束前后活性达到最高,但是不同处理的升高幅度不同;(2)积雪和凋落物覆盖变化引起不同处理和不同深度土壤PPO活性动态的差异性响应。不论是表层还是下层土壤,在整个低温季节积雪对PPO活性的影响达到极显著水平,但凋落物覆盖能缓冲积雪对PPO活性的效应。(3)降雪时空格局变化对亚高山土壤PPO的影响主要体现在没有凋落物覆等盖层的裸露土壤,在有凋落物等覆盖情况下,全球变化可能导致的积雪减少甚至消失对土壤PPO活性的影响不大。     

PP333和B9对白兰花生长的影响

为使乔木白兰花矮化适应盆栽，并提高白兰花的开花产量，对白兰花幼苗喷施多效唑(PP333)和比久(B9)，进行盆栽试验，并加强肥水管理。结果表明：生长延缓剂对白兰花有明显的形态效应：植株矮化，开花数增多，花期延长，同时，生长延缓剂对白兰花有明显的生理效应：吲哚乙酸氧化酶的活性明显提高，各处理中，以喷施多效唑的效果最好。     

亚砷酸氧化菌Sinorhizobium sp.GW3的鉴定与亚砷酸氧化酶基因的分离

亚砷酸氧化细菌能够将毒性大的As(Ⅲ)氧化成毒性小的As(Ⅴ),在生物修复砷污染方面具有应用价值。对一株新型亚砷酸氧化菌Sinorhizobium sp.GW3进行了较全面的鉴定,并分离及分析了亚砷酸氧化酶基因aoxAB。形态学、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因等分析结果表明该菌为Sinorhizobium属。该菌对As(III)抗性的MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)为9 mmol/L。首次在Sinorhizobium属中分离了包括编码小亚基aoxA和大亚基aoxB在内的亚砷酸氧化酶基因,其编码的大小亚基与已发现的Agrobacterium tumefaciens(ABB51929)的大小亚基在氨基酸水平上分别有86%、80%的同源性。     

三价砷氧化细菌Acidovorax sp.GW2中As(Ⅲ)氧化酶基因和调控序列的克隆鉴定

通过反向PCR和细菌Fosmid文库筛选,克隆得到1株二三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]氧化细菌Acidovorax sp.GW2的As(Ⅲ)氧化酶Aox基因簇,包括aoxRSXABCD 7个基因,分别预测编码双组分信号传导系统转录调控子AoxR(同源性68%),周质感应组氨酸激酶AoxS(同源性55%),周质结合蛋白AoxX(同...