南京小龙山植物内生与土壤微生物群落差异及其矿物风化功能的研究计划项目

以南京小龙山植株海州香薷、根际土壤与非根际土壤作为材料得到可培养的植物内生细菌、根际细菌与非根际细菌,通过研究样品间的群落差异,来分析所得菌种对植株、土壤的作用与影响.将可培养细菌加入钾长石中,通过测定分析不同生境细菌对矿物的风化能力,筛选出具有高效释放矿质元素能力的菌株.该研究有助于丰富微生物资源库,了解植物内生细菌与不同土壤微生物的作用与联系,为深入阐明细菌的矿物风化作用机制打下基础.     

Mineral requirements of hair sheep in tropical climates

In this study, we evaluated the requirements of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) for sheep hair growth. Experimental diets contained different levels of metabolizable energy [ME; 0.96, 1.28, 1.72, 2.18 and 2.62 Mcal/kg of dry matter, (DM), corresponding to 4.23, 5.64, 7.58, 9.61 and 11.55 MJ/kg DM]. The lambs' hair (n = 48) at 2 months of age presented an average body weight (BW) of 12.05 ± 1.81 kg. At the beginning of the experiment, eight animals were slaughtered as a reference group to estimate the initial empty body weight and body composition. Net mineral requirements (g/day) ranged from 0.73 to 0.71 g of Ca, 0.51 to 0.49 g of P, 0.026 to 0.026 g of Mg, 0.16 to 0.19 g of Na and 0.15 to 0.13 g of K for animals with a BW ranging from 15 to 30 kg and a daily gain of 100 g. The results of this study indicate that the net macromineral requirements for weight gain in Morada Nova lambs are different from the values commonly recommended by the Agricultural and Food Research Council.     

东祁连山高寒草地生态系统N、P养分含量研究

对东祁连山高寒草地生态系统N、P养分在土壤和植被中含量分布规律进行了研究。结果表明（1）在东祁连山高寒草地生态系统中,两种养分的总含量分布规律为沼泽草地型（ZZ）嵩草草地型（SC）〉珠芽蓼-嵩草草地型（Z＋S）〉禾草草地型（HC）,两种养分储量分别为N497．04kg／hm^2,P31．71kg／hm^2;生物量与养分储量分布规律一致;（2）东祁连山高寒草地±0～20cm土壤中,N、P储量分别为43．03t／hm^2和2．72t／hm^2;（3）在东祁连山高寒草地生态系统中,土壤养分库是东祁连山高寒草地生态系统的主要养分储存库。     

Influence of land management on soil nutrients and microbial biomass in the central loess plateau,northwest China

Loss of soil organic matter under cropping systems is often considered one of the most serious forms of agriculturally induced soil degradation. Therefore, understanding how to improve or maintain soil fertility is of importance for sustainable systems of agriculture. This study deals with the effects of succession fallow and fertilization combined with crop rotation on the chemical properties and microbial biomass of soil in the central Loess Plateau, China. In order to create a more uniform experimental environment and avoid the influence of different crop residues, wheat/potato (W/P) rotation was selected as a fertilization treatment. The results showed that with increasing fallow time organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (TN) slightly increased, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBC/Corg gradually decreased, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) remained unchanged. However, only MBC/Corg among all the microbial parameters measured showed significant differences at various stages of fallow. Although there was a decrease in organic carbon and total nitrogen in the fertilized plots, MBC was not significantly different in the various fallow and fertilized plots except for one‐year‐old fallows, which had the highest MBC. MBN, MBC/Corg and MBN/TN in fertilized plots were higher than for plots at different stages of fallow. Fertilization can increase organic carbon, total nitrogen, MBC and MBN content (compared to the control). It was concluded that appropriate land management, such as fertilization combined with crop rotation and reducing one‐year‐old fallow, would be useful ways to improve or maintain soil fertility. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.     

表皮生长因子在动物肠道无机离子及其他营养物质吸收中的作用

表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)是生长因子家族成员之一,具有促进细胞生长、细胞迁移、细胞增殖、伤口愈合、骨骼愈合以及营养物质转运等生物学功能。大量研究表明EGF对钠离子、氯离子、镁离子、无机磷、葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、小肽、5-羟色胺等物质的转运具有促进作用。本文旨在概述EGF对营养物质转运的影响,为EGF在动物生产上的应用提供参考。     

柠条锦鸡儿营养成分动态变化及其在绵羊瘤胃内的降解

本试验旨在研究内蒙古呼和浩特地区不同生育期柠条锦鸡儿营养成分的动态变化及其在绵羊瘤胃内的降解特性。分别于孕蕾期、开花期和结实期采集当年生柠条锦鸡儿嫩枝条,测定初水分后在65℃烘箱中烘干,测定常规营养物质含量;选用安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古小尾寒羊3只,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法评定不同生育期柠条锦鸡儿营养成分的瘤胃降解特性。试验结果表明:1)开花期和结实期柠条锦鸡儿的干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于孕蕾期(P<0.05);不同生育期柠条锦鸡儿有机物(OM)、粗脂肪和无氮浸出物含量无显著差异(P>0.05);结实期粗灰分含量显著高于孕蕾期和开花期(P<0.05);孕蕾期和开花期柠条锦鸡儿中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著高于结实期(P<0.05),而酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著低于结实期(P<0.05);随着生育期的延续,柠条锦鸡儿木质素含量逐渐升高,开花和结实期显著高于孕蕾期(P<0.05);随着生育期的延续,柠条锦鸡儿钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),磷含量显著降低(P<0.05)。2)随着生育期的延续,柠条锦鸡儿DM的72 h消失率和有效降解率逐渐降低,开花期和结实期DM的有效降解率无显著差异(P>0.05);不同生育期柠条锦鸡儿CP的72 h消失率无显著差异(P>0.05),但有效降解率孕蕾期显著高于开花期和结实期(P<0.05);随着生育期的延续,柠条锦鸡儿OM和NDF的72 h消失率和有效降解率均显著降低(P<0.05);开花期和结实期柠条锦鸡儿ADF的72 h消失率和有效降解率无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著低于孕蕾期(P<0.05)。试验结果提示,结合不同生育期柠条锦鸡儿营养物质含量、饲草DM产量以及营养物质的瘤胃降解特性,开花期柠条锦鸡儿营养物质的利用效率最高,为最佳刈割时期。     

不同施肥水平对核桃产量品质及叶片养分的影响

为了探讨施肥对泡核桃结实及品质的影响,试验选取刚挂果的泡核桃进行连续3a施肥处理。设置5个施肥处理：（1）不施肥;（2）4.0?kg复合肥（15-15-15）/株;（3）3.0?kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株;（4）4.0?kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株;（5）5.0kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株。结果表明,施肥能显著提高核桃单树果数、总果实重、总果仁重、核桃仁总氨基酸和核桃仁蛋白分别达对照组的318.18 %-572.72 %、384.83 %-752.32 %、406.96 %-775.42 %、16.64 %-23.47 %和17.36 %-22.22 % ,但不同处理间的核桃仁脂肪含量差异不显著。施肥可以显著提高核桃不同部位叶片中的氮、磷、钾、锌和硼含量。相关性分析表明,核桃果实数和果实重与核桃上部叶片磷、钾含量、核桃下部叶片硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃果仁重与核桃叶片磷、钾含量和核桃下部叶片硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁总氨基酸含量与核桃下部叶片氮、磷含量、核桃下部叶片的钾和硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁蛋白含量与核桃叶片磷、核桃上部叶片的锌和核桃下部叶片的硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁脂肪含量与核桃叶片养分含量相关性不显著。综合核桃产量和品质指标,研究表明施用有机质含量为15%的4.0 kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株的效果最佳,该施肥配比可在凤山核桃生产上推广应用。     

叉角厉蝽低温贮藏最适虫态和条件

叉角厉蝽是一种能够有效控制草地贪夜蛾等鳞翅目农业害虫的捕食性天敌昆虫,低温贮藏是天敌昆虫开展大规模生产与释放的重要环节之一。本研究对叉角厉蝽适合低温贮藏的虫态进行了筛选,探究了不同低温与食物条件组合的贮藏方式对叉角厉蝽雌雄成虫寿命、存活率和致死中时间的影响。结果表明叉角厉蝽最佳贮藏虫态为成虫期,该时期低温贮藏效果优于若虫期和卵期;在低温贮藏成虫时,供水组、供水与食物组的效果要好于供食物组和饥饿组。在同时提供食物与水的条件下雌成虫在16 ℃、雄成虫在10 ℃或13 ℃下各项指标较优,平均寿命分别为49.78 d、39.41 d和44.00 d,存活率达80%的冷藏时间为22.00 d、25.33 d和21.00 d,LT₅₀分别为49.32 d、38.98 d和43.62 d;综合考虑存活率、寿命等适合度因素,叉角厉蝽的低温贮藏可选择雌成虫在16 ℃、雄成虫在10～13 ℃,同时提供食物与水的条件下进行。     

氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长和性别分化的影响（初报）

采用基质培养研究氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长及性别分化的影响,结果表明用纯NO3--N营养液处理,黄瓜植株营养生长旺盛,当NH4 -N占25％和50％时,黄瓜的生殖生长明显促进,表现为比纯NO3--N处理第一雌花低0.4、0.6节,雌花率增加了23.9％、31.0％,单株产量增加了35.3％、28.7％。叶片和果实中矿物元素钾增加了0.02％～1.41％,铁增加了11～124,ug/g DW,锌增加了37.6～47.0μg/g DW,镁、锰、铜差异不大。黄瓜在不同生育期对氮素形态的敏感性有差异,幼苗期比生长旺盛期不敏感。