Total antioxidant activities,phenolics, anthocyanins,polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations

Sixteen red grape cultivars (Md. Jean Matthias, Öküzgözü, Muscat Hamburg, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Tekirda? Çekirdeksizi, Gewürztraminer, 2B/56, Kalecik karas?, Carignan, Kokulu Siyah, Alfonse Lavallée, Bo?azkere, Adakaras?, Papazkaras?, Mourvedre and Cinsaut) which are grown in Tekirda? Viticulture Research Institute were analyzed for determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolics, anthocyanins, external colour, polyphenoloxidase activities, sugar and acidity. The lowest antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition on peroxidation in linoleic acid system; AA) was determined in Tekirda? çekirdeksiz extracts as 87.58% and the highest AA was in Mourvedre (93.78%). Total phenolic content (TP) varied from 817 to 3062 μg/ml GAE in the same varieties, respectively. The total anthocyanin (TA) content ranged from 40.3 to 990.8 mg/l fresh weight. The lowest PPO activity was found in Bo?azkere and the highest was in Kalecik karas?. The total sugar content in the analyzed varieties varied between 13.29 and 24.46%. There was stronger correlation between AA and TP than AA and TA.     

无核葡萄育种技术研究进展

总结了国内外无核葡萄育种技术的研究进展,内容包括无核葡萄的常规杂交育种,胚、胚珠培养,无核葡萄的有籽处理技术,多倍体无核葡萄育种,转基因技术等,并对今后研究提出展望。     

不同葡萄品种膜质过氧化和保护酶活性对盐胁迫的响应

研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对双丰、左山二、贝达以及金玫瑰细胞膜透性、膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理间,4个品种耐NaCl胁迫的动态响应表现出显著差异。随胁迫浓度的增大和胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量和细胞膜透性表现出增高趋势,增高幅度由高到低的顺序为双丰、左山二、贝达、金玫瑰;保护酶SOD活性整体表现出先增后降趋势,金玫瑰和贝达升高幅度相对较大;POD活性整体表现出下降趋势,但金玫瑰和贝达下降幅度相对较小。     

黑龙江垦区奶牛生产的系统分析

本文利用系统方法对黑龙江垦区的奶牛生产进行了分析，探讨了垦区奶牛的发展历史及其特点，划分了奶牛生产区域，进行了牛奶总产量主因素分析，预测了今后垦区生产发展的规模，在此基础上，提出垦区发展奶牛的一些看法。     

奶牛生产效果的分析评价

根据对奶牛生产系统的分析，利用层次分析和模糊评价的方法，对奶牛生产效果的评价进行了探讨，提出对奶牛生产系统效果进行评价的一种模式，为奶牛生产的决策者和管理者正确评价奶牛生产的效果提供参考。     

中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳品质互作关系探讨

以一个奶牛场的336头泌乳牛为研究对象,选取了降低产奶量前、降低产奶量期间、恢复产奶量期间和提高产奶量期间4个阶段,研究了每个阶段的产奶量与乳品质一些指标间的相关性。经分析,产奶量、乳蛋白质率、乳脂肪率、非脂乳固体含量、乳糖含量这5个指标相互之间均有极显著的正相关性。     

羔羊30日龄早期断乳及代乳料研究

［目的］提高羊只的生产性能。［方法］根据母羊的泌乳曲线和羔羊的生长发育规律，配制标准营养水平（试验1组）和低于标准营养水平15%（试验2组）的代乳料对30日龄羔羊进行早期断乳试验，以正常断乳（90日龄）为对照，比较不同试验组羔羊的日增重和饲料转化率及母羊的发情情况。［结果］试验1组和试验2组羔羊日增重和料重比均高于对照，30-90日龄2组羔羊的日增重分别为164.6、159.4 g，分别与对照（日增重118.7g）达到极显著和显著差异水平；试验1组和试验2组母羊发情较早，分别为51、54 d，对照组母羊平均发情期为66 d。［结论］羔羊早期断乳可使母羊的发情提早12-15 d。     

Relationship between sensory and NIR spectroscopy in consumer preference of table grape (cv Italia)

A combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) instrumental measurements and sensory analysis was investigated to predict solids soluble content (SSC, assessed as Brix) and to classify preference in table grape cv Italia. SSC was monitored in each berry of whole bunches in order to evaluate intra-bunch distribution and variability. NIR spectra were recorded in the spectral region 12,000–4000 cm⁻¹ (833–2500 nm) using a set of 682 berries. The Partial Least Square (PLS) model based on cross-validation provided acceptable value for the main statistical parameters (coefficient of determination of cross-validation, r²: 0.85; standard error of cross-validation, SECV: 1.08; residual predictive deviation, RPD: 2.6) and was confirmed by external validation performed with 115 independent berries (coefficient of determination of prediction, r_p²: 0.82; standard error of prediction, SEP: 0.83). For consumer testing, the selected PLS model was used to predict the Brix value in 400 berries and Discriminant Analysis (DA) was then carried out to classify berries in terms of preference by relating NIR data to consumer judgment. The three defined preference clusters of berries were fully classified obtaining 100% membership. In cross-validation the value decreased especially for class 1 (78.5%) and 3 (75%) whereas class 2 obtained comparable values (98.7%). According to our results, NIR technology appears to be a promising technique for predicting SSC and obtaining information with regard to consumer preference in ‘Italia’ table grape for application of efficient and low cost on-line instruments in the fruit industry.     

Effects of Denapon and Ethrel on thinning grapes

The effectiveness of Denapon and Ethrel as a thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ grape was examined from 1980 to 1982 with various timings and concentrations of application. Ethrel applied at 50 mg l^?1 by cluster-dipping or shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, resulted in over-thinning and chemical injury, and no thinning effect was found when Ethrel was applied at 10 or 5 mg l^?1 on the same dates. The only treatment which exhibited a desirable thinning effect was shoot-spraying at 50 mg l^?1 12 days after full bloom, but this markedly inhibited berry growth. Denapon applied at 1667 mg l^?1 by shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, reduced the number of berries per cluster almost adequately and consistently without any unfavorable side effects. This chemical applied at 834 mg l^?1 was nearly as effective as when applied at 1667 mg l^?1, but the effectiveness of the former was less consistent than that of the latter. From these results, Denapon is thought to be a promising thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’.     

PP_(333)对温室葡萄枝条次生木质部细胞解剖结构的影响

为了研究设施栽培条件下葡萄木质部细胞的特征性结构及其受PP_(333)的影响,试验通过对温室葡萄喷施PP_(333)后的枝条次生木质部细胞的解离、观察,经统计分析,结果表明:(1)不同浓度PP333处理对各类型细胞的X形态结构没有明显影响;(2)浓度不同对各类细胞的长度和直径抑制作用不同,喷施1500mg/L浓度的PP_(333)对其营养生长的抑制效果最好。通过该试验的研究,为更好地探索设施栽培条件下果树的生理生态特征和化学调控技术提供了依据。