Influence of percentage of concentrate in combination with rolled canola seeds on performance, rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition in dairy goats

The effect of rolled canola seeds (RCS, 0% or 20% of the dry matter (DM) of the concentrate) combined with percentage of concentrate (45% (L) vs. 65% (H) of the diet DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics, production parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat was studied in 20 entire goats and 12 goats fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula. Goats were fed TMR ad libitum for 15 weeks with the final 12 weeks as the test period. Individual milk samples were taken in weeks 5 and 11 to determine the FA profile of milk fat. Feeding the H diets increased NE_L intake, raw milk yield and yield of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding RCS increased fat corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate increased fat corrected milk and fat yield. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the H diets increased the proportion of short-chain FA (C4:0–C8:0), each isomer of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk at the expense of medium-chain FA with 11 to 17 C units. Feeding RCS decreased the proportion of medium-chain FA with 10 to 17 C units in milk and it increased that of C18:0, all isomers of trans-C18:1, c9-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2. Goats fed the H diets, and those fed the RCS had lower c9-C18:1/C18:0 and c9,t11-C18:2/t11-C18:1 ratios. Combination of RCS and high percentage of concentrate produced the highest proportion of all isomers of trans-C18:1 and c9,t11-C18:2 in milk, with the highest variability among the four diets for these FA. This was possibly related to between-goats differences in ruminal fermentation and to individual difference in desaturase activity in the mammary gland. It is concluded that feeding a high-concentrate diet combined with rolled canola seeds had a synergistic effect on the milk production and fat yield without alteration in milk protein content in dairy goats. This combination also resulted in changes in FA profile that may differently affect the nutritional value of goat milk for human health.     

无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂种的胚挽救技术研究

 通过无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂交, 获得了4个杂交组合的后代植株, 确定了各杂交组合取胚珠培养的最佳时期。1Flame ×山葡萄; 2红宝石×爱莫无核; 3红宝石×北醇; 4爱莫无核×山葡萄在授粉后45 d取样培养效果较佳; 5长穗无核白×山葡萄授粉后30 d; 6无核白自交在授粉后35 d培养效果较佳。以NitSchs为基本培养基, 附加0.5 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L^-1 GA₃ + 2.5 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA + 0.1 mg·L^-1ZT, 适合于1、3、5号杂交组合; 而0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L^-1 GA₃ + 2.0 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.1 mg·L^-1ZT适合2、4、6号杂交组合; 胚萌发培养基为2.0 mg·L^-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA +0.2 mg·L^-1 GA₃ , 适合1、2、3、5、6号杂交组合, 而爱莫×山葡萄在1.5 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L^-1 GA₃培养基上表现较佳, 生根培养基为1 /2MS基本培养基添加0.15 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L^-1 6-BA, 它适合1号与5号组合, 0.10 mg·L^-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L^-1 6-BA适合4号与6号组合。     

灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)采后致病性研究

 灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)是引起葡萄采后病害的主要病原真菌之一。葡萄灰霉菌可在田间潜伏侵染,采后由健康果实携带进入销售市场,该菌的显著致病症状为果实软腐和脱落。灰霉菌与葡萄的其它采后致病菌,如链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)、芽枝霉(Cladosporium sp.)、青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus nigar)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)相比,不仅表现出明显的潜伏侵染优势,而且具有较强的低温(4℃)条件下的致病优势。4℃低温下灰霉菌在寄主葡萄体外和体内分泌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活力均显著高于以上各菌,而在25℃下无显著差异,这一结果与该2种温度下灰霉菌接种果实后的症状表现一致。     

Total antioxidant activities,phenolics, anthocyanins,polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations

Sixteen red grape cultivars (Md. Jean Matthias, Öküzgözü, Muscat Hamburg, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Tekirda? Çekirdeksizi, Gewürztraminer, 2B/56, Kalecik karas?, Carignan, Kokulu Siyah, Alfonse Lavallée, Bo?azkere, Adakaras?, Papazkaras?, Mourvedre and Cinsaut) which are grown in Tekirda? Viticulture Research Institute were analyzed for determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolics, anthocyanins, external colour, polyphenoloxidase activities, sugar and acidity. The lowest antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition on peroxidation in linoleic acid system; AA) was determined in Tekirda? çekirdeksiz extracts as 87.58% and the highest AA was in Mourvedre (93.78%). Total phenolic content (TP) varied from 817 to 3062 μg/ml GAE in the same varieties, respectively. The total anthocyanin (TA) content ranged from 40.3 to 990.8 mg/l fresh weight. The lowest PPO activity was found in Bo?azkere and the highest was in Kalecik karas?. The total sugar content in the analyzed varieties varied between 13.29 and 24.46%. There was stronger correlation between AA and TP than AA and TA.     

无核葡萄育种技术研究进展

总结了国内外无核葡萄育种技术的研究进展,内容包括无核葡萄的常规杂交育种,胚、胚珠培养,无核葡萄的有籽处理技术,多倍体无核葡萄育种,转基因技术等,并对今后研究提出展望。     

不同葡萄品种膜质过氧化和保护酶活性对盐胁迫的响应

研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对双丰、左山二、贝达以及金玫瑰细胞膜透性、膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理间,4个品种耐NaCl胁迫的动态响应表现出显著差异。随胁迫浓度的增大和胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量和细胞膜透性表现出增高趋势,增高幅度由高到低的顺序为双丰、左山二、贝达、金玫瑰;保护酶SOD活性整体表现出先增后降趋势,金玫瑰和贝达升高幅度相对较大;POD活性整体表现出下降趋势,但金玫瑰和贝达下降幅度相对较小。     

黑龙江垦区奶牛生产的系统分析

本文利用系统方法对黑龙江垦区的奶牛生产进行了分析，探讨了垦区奶牛的发展历史及其特点，划分了奶牛生产区域，进行了牛奶总产量主因素分析，预测了今后垦区生产发展的规模，在此基础上，提出垦区发展奶牛的一些看法。     

奶牛生产效果的分析评价

根据对奶牛生产系统的分析，利用层次分析和模糊评价的方法，对奶牛生产效果的评价进行了探讨，提出对奶牛生产系统效果进行评价的一种模式，为奶牛生产的决策者和管理者正确评价奶牛生产的效果提供参考。     

中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳品质互作关系探讨

以一个奶牛场的336头泌乳牛为研究对象,选取了降低产奶量前、降低产奶量期间、恢复产奶量期间和提高产奶量期间4个阶段,研究了每个阶段的产奶量与乳品质一些指标间的相关性。经分析,产奶量、乳蛋白质率、乳脂肪率、非脂乳固体含量、乳糖含量这5个指标相互之间均有极显著的正相关性。     

羔羊30日龄早期断乳及代乳料研究

［目的］提高羊只的生产性能。［方法］根据母羊的泌乳曲线和羔羊的生长发育规律，配制标准营养水平（试验1组）和低于标准营养水平15%（试验2组）的代乳料对30日龄羔羊进行早期断乳试验，以正常断乳（90日龄）为对照，比较不同试验组羔羊的日增重和饲料转化率及母羊的发情情况。［结果］试验1组和试验2组羔羊日增重和料重比均高于对照，30-90日龄2组羔羊的日增重分别为164.6、159.4 g，分别与对照（日增重118.7g）达到极显著和显著差异水平；试验1组和试验2组母羊发情较早，分别为51、54 d，对照组母羊平均发情期为66 d。［结论］羔羊早期断乳可使母羊的发情提早12-15 d。