盆栽用土量对万寿菊生长及农艺性状的影响

为了研究盆栽用土量对万寿菊生长的影响,给盆栽万寿菊栽培提供参考。在陇南师范高等专科学校梁山校区荒地,以大田栽植为对照,采用盆栽的方法(盆栽土不添加任何营养物质),研究了盆栽用土量(3、5、7 kg)对万寿菊农艺性状的影响。结果表明,大田种植万寿菊的部分生理指标显著高于盆栽万寿菊,5、7 kg的盆栽用土量之间指标差异并不显著,3 kg的盆栽用土量部分生理指标显著低于5、7 kg。综合各农艺性状的观测结果,推荐万寿菊盆栽用土量为5 kg。     

金盏花套种玉米高产栽培措施研究

对彰武县金盏花套种玉米高产栽培措施进行研究探讨,结果表明,金盏花套种玉米可增加金盏花的栽植株数和玉米的种植密度,通风透光好,使作物的光合作用效能增加,在保证金盏花不减产的前提下能促进玉米增收,提高了土地利用率和产出率,达到增产增收的效果。     

控释花卉肥在盆栽万寿菊上的肥效研究

采用国家农业部项目“控释肥制作技术”制作的控释花卉复肥进行了万寿菊盆栽试验，并与奥绿肥（OSMOCOTE）、复混肥作肥效对比。结果表明，控释花卉肥在盆栽万寿菊上的最佳施肥量是4g/盆，控释花卉肥具有明显促进万寿菊生长发育和满足万寿菊长期的养分需求。     

万寿菊鲜花产量及叶黄素含量比较研究

通过对万寿菊25份供试材料的鲜花产量、叶黄素含量及理论产量的对比分析表明:F1(B×6-1)的鲜花产量最高(31 397kg/hm2),F1(B×13-1)次之(29 078kg/hm2);F1(B×13-1)的叶黄素含量最高(0.976g/kg),13-1品系次之(0.711g/kg);F1(B×13-1)的叶黄素理论产量最高(28.391kg/hm2),F1(B×6-1)次之(18.862kg/hm2);13-1品系是较好的亲本材料和育种材料,B×13-1是较好的杂交组合;杂交是提高万寿菊鲜花产量、叶黄素含量和产量的一条有效途径.     

金盏花黄色素提取工艺的研究

[目的]确定提取金盏花黄色素的优化工艺,得到最基础的提取数据。[方法]通过考察CO2超临界萃取和有机溶剂浸提法对金盏花黄色素的提取效果,研究金盏花黄色素的提取方法。[结果]试验确定了金盏花黄色素提取的最佳条件,即丙酮／乙酸乙酯（1：1）混合溶液,按1：4的料液比,浸提时间7.0h,金盏花黄色素的浸提收率可达22.6％。[结论]在此工艺条件下提取金盏花黄色素效果较好,而且可节约成本。     

色素万寿菊高产高效栽培模型研究

采用二次回归旋转组合设计,选择种植密度、氮、磷、钾肥等主要栽培因子为决策变量,产量为目标函数,建立色素万寿菊产量与栽培因素间的数学模型,经模拟寻优,决策出了平均产量2388kg/667m2以上的栽培措施组合方案：种植密度2654～2769株/667m^2,氮肥（N）3.65～3.99kg/667m^2,磷肥（P2O5）5.5～5.96kg/667m^2,钾肥（K2O）3.52～3.67kg/667m^2。     

万寿菊对烟草根结线虫的杀线活性

[目的]探究万寿菊不同组织粗体物和α-三联噻吩的杀线活性。[方法]以线虫拮抗植物万寿菊为试验材料,烟草根结线虫为靶标,分别测定和比较了不同浓度万寿菊各部分组织粗提物的杀线活性、万寿菊各部分组织粗提物中α-三联噻吩的含量以及α-三联噻吩标准品的杀线活性。[结果]万寿菊的各部分组织粗提物中,叶和花的杀线活性较高;万寿菊中起主要杀线作用的活性物质不是α-三联噻吩。[结论]试验结果为寻找烟田中环境友好型杀线虫剂的研究与应用提供了理论依据。     

光周期诱导促进甜万寿菊（Tagetes lucida）花期初探

采用光周期控制的方式对甜万寿菊进行处理,使甜万寿菊的花期较正常情况提前1周,证明甜万寿菊是比较典型的短日照植物,进行短日照处理可以有效地对其花期进行控制。     

Effects of marigold (Tagetes sp.) roots on soil microorganisms

 Marigolds (genus Tagetes) suppress populations of soil endopathogenic nematodes such as Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne species. Nematode suppression by marigolds is thought to be due to thiophenes, heterocyclic sulfur-containing molecules abundant in this plant. When activated, thiophenes such as α-terthienyl produce oxygen radicals. If marigold roots release such a powerful biocidal agent and it is activated in soil, microbial populations in the marigold rhizosphere should be substantially perturbed. We made various measurements of microbial population size and activity in soils that had been cropped to marigolds (Crackerjack, Creole) in the field and in the greenhouse, and compared these with bare soil and soil cropped to rye (Secale cereale L.). Total extractable microbial biomass (measured by the fumigation extraction method), total bacteria (measured by epifluorescence microscopy on 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazine-2-γl) aminofluorescein-stained preparations), heterotrophic bacteria (measured by plate count on various media), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (measured by the most-probable-number method) were not significantly different in any of the treatments. Residues of ¹⁴C-labelled rye were mineralized slightly more rapidly in rye-cropped soil than in the other treatments, which were comparable. The rates of die-back of introduced cells of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Rhodococcus TE1 were similar in marigold-cropped and control soils, suggesting that there was not a noteworthy accumulation of biocidal agents in soils cropped to marigolds. We conclude that marigolds do not cause a general depression in the numbers of microorganisms in soils, and that nematode control by this plant may not be due to the release of a biocidal agent into the soil. Received: 4 September 1997     

大庆万寿菊田节肢动物种类调查及害虫防治研究

通过对大庆地区万寿菊田节肢动物种类调查,经鉴定有8目17科20种,其中植食类12种,捕食类5种和中性昆虫3种。植食类中以玉米蚜和甜菜夜蛾为优势种群,捕食类中以异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫为优势种群。基于调查结果、综合多年防治经验及文献提出万寿菊田害虫的综合防治技术。