不同水域中克氏原螯虾主要组织的LDH同工酶分析

[目的]为探究克氏原螯虾的食用安全性以及哈夫病的致病因素等提供检测方法。[方法]以孝感市不同水域中生活的克氏原螯虾为材料,对其主要组织的LDH同工酶进行电泳分析。[结果]2处水域的pH、总磷、总氮和化学需氧量存在差异,2处水域中克氏原螯虾的鳃、心脏和肌肉的LDH同工酶酶谱也存在差异。B水域(流水)中克氏原螯虾的酶带数目比A水域(静水)多。从Ldh-5同工酶染色深浅可以看出,静水虾肝胰腺、心脏和眼球的Ldh-5同工酶活力比流水虾的大,而肌肉和腮则是流水虾的Ldh-5同工酶活力较大。[结论]2处水域克氏原螯虾组织LDH同工酶的差异是由水质差异引起的。     

桃小食心虫性信息素田间应用技术参数探讨

以晋中地区枣园为例,探索桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)常规性诱芯和诱捕器田间应用基本参数。结果表明:市场主要的四个厂家的诱芯对桃小食心虫均可有效动态监测;若大量诱捕,D厂家的诱芯诱捕量最大。采用水盆诱捕器时,水盆直径为35～40cm、诱捕间距为20～25m、高度为2.0～2.5m时,诱捕量显著多于其他处理;水盆颜色对桃小食心虫成虫的诱捕量差异不显著。综合考虑经济成本及使用方法便利,建议:水盆直径20～30cm,间距20～25m,监测高度1.5m,大量诱捕尽量高些。     

Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with novel genetic variants of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle

During early lactation, dairy cows may present a transient immunosuppressive state and develop anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale. In this study, clinical anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey was investigated with respect to within-herd prevalence, vertical transmission, and genetic diversity. In March and September 2015, thirty lactating cows showed primary clinical signs of anaplasmosis, including fever, anaemia, decreased milk yield, anorexia, and laboured breathing. Symptoms disappeared in most cows after administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, but nine of them (30%) died. Following diagnosis based on clinical signs, microscopy and molecular findings, blood samples were collected from apparently healthy lactating cows (n = 184), pregnant heifers (n = 39) and newborn calves (n = 24). DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed for the presence of major surface proteins (MSPs) of A. marginale, followed by sequencing to assess diversity of isolates. Microscopic examination of erythrocytes revealed A. marginale inclusion bodies in symptomatic cows. Examination of thin blood smears showed 3.8% of the lactating, clinically asymptomatic, cows to be infected with A. marginale, while nPCR detected 31.0% positive. A. marginale infection was not detected in pregnant heifers by either method. Congenital infection was found in one calf by nPCR. This is the first report of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in Turkey. The MSP4 sequence analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates, presenting 97.6-99.6% homology at the amino acid level. The sequences of MSP1a amplicons revealed genetic diversity providing three new tandem repeats.     

苦瓜白粉病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析

通过统计苦瓜白粉病的病情指数,研究白粉病抗性的遗传规律。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法对抗病品系04-17-3和感病品系25-1杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2共6个世代群体抗白粉病遗传进行研究。结果表明：苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（E-1）,抗病对感病为不完全隐性;2对主基因的加性效应值均为-12.00;2对主基因分别具有正向部分显性和正向超显性作用,加性效应值均大于其显性效应值,上位性效应值（i+jab+jba+l）为负值。从遗传率上看,回交世代和F2的主基因的值分别为55.14％、43.56％和95.22％,多基因的值分别为16.10％、26.57％和0,环境变异在4.78％~29.87％间。主基因和多基因共同决定了苦瓜对白粉病的抗性,以主基因遗传为主,同时还受到环境变异的部分影响。在白粉病抗性育种过程中,应注意利用加性效应,选用白粉病抗性基因较多的材料作为亲本,并在早代进行选择,尤其是F2代主基因选择效率最高。     

胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传分析

亚麻酸是胡麻脂肪酸组成的主要成分,也是胡麻品质改良的主要目标。为深入研究胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传规律,基于6个世代遗传群体(P_1、F_1、P_2、B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)、F_(2:3)),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析胡麻亚麻酸含量的遗传模式。结果表明,胡麻亚麻酸含量符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因的加性效应在亚麻酸含量的遗传控制中具有重要贡献;B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为33.59%、46.95%和53.92%,多基因遗传率分别为25.60%、19.35%和14.43%;通过群体品质分析,筛选出高亚麻酸材料15份,高含油量材料7份,这些优异材料为胡麻品质育种奠定了良好的基础。     

西葫芦果肉厚主基因-多基因混合遗传分析

[目的]分析西葫芦果肉厚遗传特性,指导西葫芦果肉厚育种实践。[方法]通过西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G（组合1）和q-1×A-7（组合2）2个组合,构建6个世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析方法,分析不同组合西葫芦果肉厚的遗传表现。[结果]2个组合的西葫芦的果肉厚性状遗传为一对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因（D-2）遗传模型;2个组合以多基因的显性效应为主;F2的基因遗传率较低,环境影响较高。[结论]西葫芦果肉厚育种宜采用个体选择法,可在晚世代选择。     

高产棉花品种泗棉3号的遗传机制研究Ⅰ.产量及其产量构成因素的遗传分析

利用泗棉3号和CARMEN构建的RIL及其F₂、B₁、B₂、P₁、P₂、F₁两套群体,同时在3个环境中,采用各自的联合世代分析方法,研究了我国长江流域棉区广泛种植的优良品种泗棉3号高产性状的遗传规律。遗传模型分析揭示泗棉3号×Carmen组合的产量及其产量构成因素的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,说明存在控制这些性状的主基因。所有性状在不同环境中的遗传模型不同。同时,各性状在不同环境中的主基因遗传率变化较大,而多基因遗传率在不同环境中变化相对较小,表明环境对数量性状主基因的表达影响大,对多基因的表达也存在影响。对环境间差异较大性状的研究和选育,要在多个特定的环境中进行,才能提高效率。     

生态新农村建设发展模式探讨

针对我国新农村建设中生态环境的现状,分析了发展生态农业与新农村建设的关系和现阶段我国发展生态农业面临的主要问题．同时提出发展生态农业的具体措施和建议。     

Decoding attraction: Improving vine weevil monitoring by exploiting key sensory cues

BACKGROUND

Monitoring is an integral component of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes used to inform crop management decisions. Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), continues to cause economically significant losses in horticultural crops due to an inability to reliably detect the presence of this species before crop damage occurs. To improve vine weevil monitoring we investigated the behavioural responses of adult vine weevils to visual (monitoring tool shade/colour, height and diameter as well as the effect of monitoring tool and plant density) and olfactory (host plant and conspecifics) cues under glasshouse conditions.

RESULTS

Monitoring tool shade, height and diameter all influenced monitoring tool efficacy, with individuals exhibiting a preference for black, tall and wide monitoring tools. The total number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools increased with monitoring tool density. By contrast, plant density did not influence the number of individuals recorded in monitoring tools. Yew-baited monitoring tools retained a larger number of individuals compared to unbaited ones. Similarly, more vine weevils were recorded in monitoring tools baited with yew and conspecifics than in unbaited monitoring tools or those baited with only yew. Baiting monitoring tools with conspecifics alone did not enhance the number of vine weevils recorded in monitoring tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study confirms that visual and olfactory cues influence vine weevil behaviour. This provides information on key factors that influence vine weevil monitoring tool efficacy and can be used to inform the development of a new monitoring tool for this pest. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

有色黏虫板对柑橘木虱的监测及防治研究进展

柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产中的重大病害,随着其在全球范围内的传播蔓延,该病已成为近年来柑橘生产和研究中普遍关注的热点。柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是传播柑橘黄龙病菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)的主要虫媒,对柑橘木虱种群的准确监测与有效防控是控制柑橘木虱传播黄龙病的关键所在。有色黏虫板是一种利用昆虫趋色性,对小型飞行昆虫进行监测与诱杀的重要物理防治手段。有色黏虫板同样适用于监测和诱捕柑橘木虱,但黏虫板的颜色、光源、气候条件、悬挂黏虫板的植物种类及其挥发性信息化合物成分等都会影响黏虫板对柑橘木虱的诱集效果。本文在综合国内外柑橘木虱防控技术的基础上,将近年来利用有色黏虫板,监测与防控柑橘木虱的最新进展进行综述,并对有色黏虫板的发展前景给予展望。