色素万寿菊雄性不育性状生理特性研究

为深入研究色素万寿菊雄性不育性状生理生化遗传机理,本文研究了色素万寿菊W217不育株、可育株在不同花发育时期的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量。结果表明,色素万寿菊W217POD活性在从叶片到成花的过程中呈明显降低趋势,不育株在花蕾到花过程中POD活性高于可育株POD活性;SOD活性在不育株和可育株中变化趋势均为低-高-低,且不育株明显高于可育株;MDA含量在可育株中变化由高到低,而在不育株中呈低-高-低变化,在花蕾时期不育株中MDA含量明显高于可育株中MDA含量;在不育株和可育株中由叶到花过程中游离脯氨酸含量变化均呈减少趋势,在叶片时期不育株和可育株游离脯氨酸含量无明显差别,不育株花蕾到成花时期游离脯氨酸含量明显低于可育株;可溶性糖在不育株和可育株中含量由叶到花时期均呈增高趋势,且可育株增高幅度大于不育株。     

水稻质核互作雄性不育系异交结实率的初步研究

为了研究水稻质核互作雄性不育系异交结实率与父母本的关系,以花籼A(野败胞质)、华农A(野败胞质)、华农A(夜公胞质)、华农A(饶平野稻胞质)共4个水稻质核互作雄性不育系为母本,以抗草种、T180、G72、金华占2号、华航1号、粤香占、HN5413、丰穗占、M22和M31共10个恢复系进行配组,结果表明:不同质核互作雄性不育系异交结实率存在显著的差异;不同恢复系间的异交结实率也存在显著差异;不育系和恢复系互作效应对异交结实率的影响不明显;同质异核不育系的异交结实率的差异达到显著水平,而同核异质不育系的异交结实率的差异不显著。这说明水稻质核互作雄性不育系异交结实率的差异主要受核内遗传物质的影响,细胞质对异交结实率的影响不明显。进而提出了在选育水稻质核互作雄性不育系时,不仅要注意优良异交开花习性,而且还要注意核内遗传物质对异交结实率的影响。     

基于SSR标记对65份大白菜自交系的聚类分析

以65份自育的大白菜自交系为试验材料,进行多样性分析和类群划分。利用26对SSR分子标记分析供试材料遗传多样性,并利用SSR分子标记聚类方法进行大白菜自交系的组群划分研究。SSR标记多样性分析表明,平均Nei基因多样性指数为0.541 5,平均Shannon多态性指数为0.913 5,说明供试材料有较高的遗传多样性。SSR分子标记聚类将65份大白菜自交系划分为5个类群。SSR标记聚类结果真实地反映了种质资源内在基因组的多样性,可以将系谱来源相同的材料聚类在同一类群,对于杂种优势预测和亲本选择均有指导意义。     

甜菜二倍体授粉系的选育技术

介绍了甜菜二倍体授粉系经过群体淘汰、定向选择、小区试验、横向对比等一系列步骤,最终精选出较为理想的父系的育种程序。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

籼三系不育系楠丰67A选育和利用评价研究

[目的]选育籼三系不育系楠丰67A,并对其利用价值进行评价.[方法]介绍楠丰67A的选育经过、特征特性、稻米品质遗传特点和制繁种关键技术,探讨其应用价值及潜力.[结果]研究迟熟早籼矮败型不育系楠丰67A,典败率96.78％,柱头外露率43.98％,其中双外露率25.30％.株型好,一般配合力(GCA)效应值总体高于珍汕97A,单株穗数、穗总粒数和结实率比珍汕97A有更强的杂种优势,单株粒重、千粒重的特殊配合力(SCA)效应方差较小,软胶稠度,中低直链淀粉含量,中感稻瘟病.2009年通过浙江省农作物审定委员会组织的技术鉴定.[结论]该研究对今后三系不育系的选育和楠丰67A的利用具有指导意义.     

对新引进IR不育系的观察与评价

从印度引进１５个ＩＲＲＩ育成的不育系和相应的保持系，在中国水稻研究所试验基地（富阳）观测其育性及主要农艺性状，并初步配组测产。结果表明，１０个不育系育性稳定，符合标准；ＩＲ５８０２５Ａ与明恢６３、Ｔ９０１０配组，其杂种产量与汕优６３相仿，但生育期较短、米质较优。     

Selection forMeloidogyne incognita virulence against resistance genes from tomato and pepper and specificity of the virulence/resistance determinants

Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode.     

Inhibition of telomerase in canine cancer cells following telomestatin treatment

Telomere shortening in normal somatic cells has been proposed as a major barrier to unlimited cellular proliferation. Telomerase is an enzyme capable of maintaining telomere length, and thus bypassing this barrier. In human beings, telomerase activity is restricted to cancer cells and cells of stem or germ cell lineages. Dogs represent a potentially useful clinical model for the development of telomerase‐based therapies because telomerase activity is also restricted to cancer cells and stem cells in this species. We examined the ability of telomestatin to inhibit telomerase activity in telomerase‐positive D17 and CMT7 canine cancer cell lines. At a concentration of 2 μM, telomestatin treatment resulted in a decrease in telomerase activity, telomere shortening, growth inhibition and apoptosis in telomerase‐positive cancer cells. These effects were not seen in telomerase‐negative skin fibroblasts or negative controls. These results confirm that telomestatin specifically inhibits telomerase activity in canine cancer cells and strengthens the usefulness of dogs as a model for testing telomerase‐based therapies.     

The Application and Research Progress of Chicken Embryo and Avian Cell Lines in Biomedicine

Chicken embryo has long been an important experimental model in basic and applied science because of its clear development process,especially in the early development of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane stage,due to its abundant blood vessels,it is a natural immunodeficiency host and can be used as an ideal experimental model for pathology,pharmacology and oncology research.The authors briefly described the tissue structure of early stage of chicken embryo,the application of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model in tumor,angiogenesis,organ transplantation,burn and other diseases,and the application of anti-cancer drug screening based on the pathological model of chicken embryo.The advances in the application of chicken embryo and avian cell lines in virus reproduction,vaccine production,therapeutic protein production and monoclonal antibody production were reviewed.A variety of human viruses,avian viruses and mycoplasma can proliferate in chicken embryos and avian cell lines and be used in vaccine production.In this paper,the development and characteristics of commonly used avian fibroblasts and pluripotent stem cells were described,and the source of commercial avian cell lines and some susceptible viruses were summarized.Chicken embryo expression system can produce human glycosylates at specific sites of target proteins,reduce the allergic reaction of the target protein to human,and poultry eggs are cheap and easily available,so it can be used as a suitable donor for the production of human monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins.In this paper,the recent progress in the application of chicken embryos and avian cell lines in the field of biomedicine was introduced,and the future application of chicken embryos as animal models was forecasted.