猫黄疸的诊断治疗新思路

一转诊病例患猫呈严重溶血性黄疸、高胆红素血症,症状多变,化验报告与症状变化矛盾,诊断及治疗出现困境。通过调理食欲,对症治疗、驱虫,症状出现转机,食欲增加,黄疸消退速度加快,溶血症状得到改善,配合精心护理,患猫得以痊愈。文章对治疗过程加以记录分析,以期为黄疸病例诊疗提供新思路。     

Effect of mixing lard with soybean oil in cooking on hepatic antioxidative ability and renal metabolic activity

A simulate daily oriental dietary pattern (a blend of lard and soybean oil) was performed in this research to investigate influence on liver and kidney function. Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with diets of different fat added oils respectively for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde and uric acid contents in mice fed with blended oil were significantly lower than in those fed only with soybean oil and lard due to the improved activities of antioxidant enzymes. Daily use of a blend of lard with soybean oil significantly increased antioxidant capacity, reduced lipid peroxidation of liver and serum uric acid production, thus protected liver and renal function. It also suggests that the oriental dietary pattern might reduce the risk of gout.     

钼对鸡肝肾组织形态学的影响

为研究钼对鸡肝肾组织形态学的影响,选取80只健康2w龄雏公鸡,随机分为5组,每组16只。通过在饮水中添加不同剂量的钼酸钠(以钼离子计),建立试验动物模型:对照组(钼:0mg.L-1)、钼Ⅰ组(钼:12.5mg.L-1)、钼Ⅱ组(钼:25.0mg.L-1)、钼Ⅲ组(钼:50.0mg.L-1)、钼Ⅳ组(钼:100.0mg.L-1)。分别在试验处理第10w,采集鸡的肝脏和肾脏,固定包埋处理后,制得切片,经HE染色分析,用显微镜观察鸡肝肾组织形态学变化。肾脏和肝脏的组织形态学观测结果显示:加钼的各组与对照组相比,细胞数量增多,且有浓染,出现坏死现象,细胞核皱缩加剧,有少量充血。试验低剂量(钼Ⅰ组、钼Ⅱ组)下的钼导致鸡肝肾组织发生不明显的病理形态学变化,而高剂量组(钼Ⅲ组、钼Ⅳ组)发生明显的病理形态学变化。     

Effect of sorafenib on liver regeneration after partial hepatoectomy in liver cirrhotic rats

AIM: To study the effect of sorafenib on the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats with liver cirrhosis induced successfully with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) underwent 30% PH and then were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15). The rats in experimental group were fed with sorafenib at dose of 30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 from the 1st day to the 10th day after PH, while those in control group were fed with vehicle by gavage. The blood and liver tissues of the rats were collected after PH and at the end of the experiment. Liver regeneration rate (LRR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were assessed for determining the hepatocyte proliferation. The content of alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), angiogenesis related factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β) and micro-vessel density (MVD) were measured in both groups. RESULTS: LRRs on day 10 after PH were 45.43%±3.36% and 44.21%±2.77% in experimental group and control group, respectively (P>0.05), and the expression of PCNA in hepatic tissues of the rats was not found by the method of immunohistochemistry in both groups. Liver function index had no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). However, other than VEGF, sorafenib resulted in inhibition of VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β expression and reduction of MVD in experiment group, and significant difference between the 2 groups was observed (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Sorafenib does not influence live regeneration after PH in liver cirrhotic rats.     

Changes of hydroxyl radical,malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capa-city in intestines after orthotopic liver autotransplantation in rats

AIM: To explore the pathological changes of small intestines after orthotopic liver autotransplantation in rats and to analyze the correlation between these changes and the levels of hydroxy radical (稯H),malondialdehyde(MDA)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC). METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (group S, n=6) and model group (group M). According to the period after liver reperfusion, the rats in group M were divided into 5 sub-groups: 2 h after reperfusion (group M1, n=6), 4 h after reperfusion (group M2, n=6), 8 h after reperfusion (group M3, n=6), 16 h after reperfusion (group M4, n=6), and 24 h after reperfusion (group M5, n=6). After anesthesia, the rats in group S involved laparotomy and vascular dissection without hepatic vascular exclusion and perfusion. The rats in other groups received orthotopic liver autotransplantation. The intestinal tissues starting from 5 cm to terminal ileum were removed 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 h after reperfusion. The morphological changes of intestinal epithelial basement membrane were observed under optical microscope. The levels of 稯H, MDA and T-AOC were detected. RESULTS: (1) In model groups, the morphological damages in the intestines were significant compared to group S, especially 8 h after reperfusion. The intestines showed massive epithelial lifting down the sides of villi and a few tips being denuded. The repair of pathological damage in the intestines 24 h after reperfusion was observed. (2) Compared to group S, the levels of 稯H in the intestines significantly increased in group M2, M3 and M4 (P<0.05). The levels of MDA in the intestines significantly increased in group M1, M2 and M3 (P<0.05). The levels of T-AOC significantly decreased in group M1, M2, M3 and M4 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Orthotopic liver autotransplantation increases the levels of 稯H and MDA, diminishes T-AOC and induces reversible pathological changes in intestines.     

三种不同给药途径建立小鼠肝硬化模型的比较

按逐步增加食用白酒浓度的方法诱导肝硬化的模型,将80只KM雄性小鼠随机分为4组,A组采用灌胃,B组采用皮下注射,C组采用腹腔注射,D组为对照组,并把20只SD大鼠随机分为皮下注射E组、对照组F组。观察各组的体重变化、死亡率和肝假小叶形成率。采用上述方法诱导7周后A～F组小鼠体重早期缓慢下降,后期缓慢增加。A组死亡5只,死亡率25%,假小叶形成率65.2%;B组死亡1只,死亡率5%,假小叶形成率92.5%;C组死亡2只,死亡率10%,假小叶形成率86.5%;E组大鼠体重早期明显下降,后期缓慢增加,死亡5只,死亡率50%,假小叶形成率66.7%;D组、F组体重明显增加,无死亡,无肝硬化形成。结果表明:小鼠皮下注射给药,逐步增加食用白酒的浓度可以缩短肝硬化形成的时间,提高形成率,降低死亡率。     

High complication rate of an automatic Tru-Cut biopsy gun device for liver biopsy in cats

BACKGROUND: Liver biopsies taken with an automatic Tru-Cut biopsy gun device caused unexpected fatal shock reactions in cats. The goal of the present study was to determine if this biopsy device caused more frequent fatal complications than did a semiautomatic device. ANIMALS: All cats referred to the Utrecht University, between October 1, 2002, and October 31, 2004, in which ultrasound-guided Tru-Cut liver biopsies were taken. The indications for liver biopsy were increased liver enzyme activity, increased bile acid concentrations, ultrasonographic abnormalities of the liver, ultrasonographic abnormalities of the bile ducts, or some combination of these findings. Coagulation parameters were normal. METHODS: From October 1, 2002, until October 31, 2003, 26 cats were biopsied with an automatic biopsy device. Between November 1, 2003, and October 31, 2004, 19 cats underwent liver biopsy with a semiautomatic biopsy device. RESULTS: In the first period. 5 of the 26 cats (19%) developed severe shock within 15 minutes. Resuscitation was not successful. In the second period, none of the 19 cats experienced any major adverse effect. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to diagnosis, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, or the use of anesthetics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: We conclude that the difference in complication rate is explained by the biopsy technique used. The pressure wave, which occurs when firing the automatic device, may have caused intense vagotonia and shock. Use of this automatic biopsy device should be avoided in cats because of the high risk of fatal complications.