Antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (Cd<Superscript>+2</Superscript>, Cr<Superscript>+3</Superscript>) on liver of rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> Walbaum 1792)

The main purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of Cd⁺², Cr⁺³ and Se metals on biochemical parameters in liver tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The rainbow trout were exposed to heavy metal stress (Cd⁺², Cr⁺³) at 2 ppm dosage. The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of selenium treatment at the same dosage (2 ppm) on some biochemical parameters. The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the changes in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) from biochemical parameters were determined in liver tissue of the fish groups exposed to heavy metals, especially for the selenium-applied groups. Results of this study showed that the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd⁺² and Cr⁺³ were significantly lower than the control groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the closer values to the control groups were obtained in selenium-added groups (Cr⁺³ + Se⁺⁴, Cd⁺² + Se⁺⁴). For the level of MDA, the last production of lipid peroxidation showed increases (P < 0.05) in the groups exposed to the metal stress, whereas significant decreases were obtained in selenium-applied groups. The result of the statistical evaluation showed that the negative effects occurring in the biochemical parameters of the applied groups exposed to the toxicity of heavy metal were significantly eliminated (P < 0.05) as a result of selenium treatment.     

Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in two-week oral treatment on hyperdynamic circulatory statein cirrhotic rats

AIM:To investigate the ef ects of low dosage of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)inhibitor N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)in two-week treatment on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis.METHODS:Cirrhosis model was induced in male SD rats by injection of 60%CCl4 oily solution subcutaneously.Cirrhotic rats were treated with L-NAME(0.5 mg kg^-1d^-1)by gavage for two weeks.Mean arterial pressure(MAP), portal pressure(PP), cardiac output(CO), cardiac index(CI), splanchnic vascular resistance(SVR), splanchnic blood flow(SBF)and serum nitrite levels were determined in L-NAME-treated, L-NAME-untreated cirrhotic rats and controls by using 57Co-labled microsphere technique and a fluorometric assay, respectively.RESULTS:Untreated cirrhotic rats had significantly lower MAP, SVR and higher PP, CO, CI, SBF and nitrite concentration than those of the controls(all, P<0 01).In treated cirrhotic rats, L-NAME significantly at enuated the increase of CO, CI, SBF, nitrite concentration and the decrease of MAP and SVR.In treated cirrhotic rats, L-NAME induced a marked decrease of nitrite concentration than untreated cirrhotic rats[(1.471 0.907)mol/L vs(4.204 1.253)mol/L, P<0 01].CONCLUSION:The endogenous NO may play an important role in the changes of hemodynamics pat ern in cirrhosis, andhyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis can be ameliorated by oral two-week administration of lower dose of L-NAME.     

香菇多糖及灰树花多糖对小鼠代谢和生化指标的影响

[目的]观察香菇多糖和灰树花多糖对小鼠代谢指标及反应肝脏功能的生化指标的影响。[方法]通过对小鼠体重、饮水量、进食量及排泄量进行观察,探讨香菇多糖和灰树花多糖对小鼠代谢功能的影响;并通过生化分析仪检测白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶等反应肝功能的生化分析指标观察香菇多糖及灰树花多糖对小鼠肝功的影响。[结果]香菇多糖和灰树花多糖组小鼠的体重、饮水量、进食量、排泄量与对照组相比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),反应肝脏功能的生化指标检测发现除香菇多糖的碱性磷酸酶偏低外(P0.05;其数值仍在正常范围内),其他生化指标与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]香菇多糖、灰树花多糖对小鼠代谢及肝脏功能的无明显影响。     

气相色谱法测定动物性食品中辛硫磷残留量

建立了气相色谱法测定猪、牛、羊、鸡的肝脏和肌肉组织中辛硫磷残留量的检测方法。样品经无水硫酸钠脱水,用乙腈提取,提取液55℃水浴下旋转蒸发至近干,残留物用丙酮溶解,0.45μm滤膜过滤后经气相色谱仪检测,外标法定量。辛硫磷标准溶液在0.10～2.00μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,R2均大于0.999,方法检出限为15μg/kg,最低定量限为40μg/kg,在40、50、100μg/kg添加水平上,添加回收率为75.7%～99.0%,批内、批间RSD均小于12%。该残留检测方法具有前处理简便、快速、灵敏度高、选择性好等优点。     

基于因子分析和关联规则挖掘乙型肝炎肝硬化中医用药配伍规律

目的 分析中医药治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化用药配伍规律,为临床治疗提供用药指导。方法 收集本院2016年6月-2017年12月符合入选条件的165例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的临床资料,运用因子分析与关联规则等方法对其用药规律进行挖掘。结果 纳入处方总数共206个,共198味中药,使用频次排名前10的中药依次为：白术、茯苓、泽泻、茵陈蒿、甘草、柴胡、黄芪、丹参、鳖甲、白芍;常用的2味药物组合模式38组,3味强关联药物组合5个;因子分析法将药物按其功效进行归类,主要分为6大类。结论 本院乙型肝炎肝硬化体现的主要治法：清热利湿,活血祛瘀、通络软坚,疏肝健脾,健脾利湿,补益肝肾,温补脾肾,该研究可为乙型肝炎肝硬化的中医药治疗提供一定参考。     

基于NF-κB和Nrf2信号通路探讨槲皮素的护肝功效及其作用机理

为了研究槲皮素(Quercetin, QUE)对对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen, APAP)造成的药物性肝损伤的保护作用及其护肝分子机制,将60只健康的BALB/c雄性小鼠随机等分为4组, 2组为QUE高、低剂量干预组(100 mg/kg QUE和50 mg/kg QUE),2组为对照组和APAP肝损伤组。结果显示,与APAP肝损伤组相比,QUE干预能有效减轻APAP造成的肝病理性损伤,显著下调血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的活性、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的质量浓度,以及肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度;另外,QUE干预显著上调肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的质量摩尔浓度,以及血清中抑炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的质量浓度;Western-blot结果显示,QUE干预显著上调核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)蛋白的表达,同时显著抑制核因子κB p65(NF-κB p65)蛋白的表达。结果表明,QUE的护肝功效不仅与激活Nrf2信号通路,加强机体的抗氧化应激水平相关,而且与抑制NF-κB信号通路,降低促炎因子释放密切相关,并呈现出量效特点。     

Cadmium detoxification effect of Chinese parsley Coriandrum sativum in liver and kidney of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Although fish feed supplemented with Chinese parsley (CP), Coriandrum sativum, does not affect the health of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, it has the remarkable effect of reducing the uptake of Cd (12–17% compared with controls without CP). Here, we measured the change in the amount of metallothionein (MT) in the liver and kidney using gel permeation chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography (TSK GEL SW 3000 column). The increase in MT content over time in the Cd-fed groups corresponded to the change in Cd accumulation. Gel permeation was performed with soluble fractions from the fish liver and kidney, and changes in the Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations over time for each fraction, and the relationship between the form of Cd that accumulated in tissues and its toxicity were measured. A nontoxic MT fraction of 7,000 Da and a high-molecular-weight fraction of approximately 60,000 Da were isolated from the soluble fractions. The induction of nontoxic MT–Cd was higher in the CP-supplemented groups than in the control groups. The synergetic actions of several compounds in CP may contribute to bind MT, thereby preventing accumulation of harmful heavy metals and essential metals in fish.     

病毒性肝炎患者血清微量元素的检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨病毒性肝炎患者和肝炎肝硬化患者血清微量元素水平与病情的相关性。方法:采用RI- 10 0 0 TM全自动生化分析仪检测2 73例病毒性肝炎患者(慢性肝炎130例、急性肝炎35例、重型肝炎38例、肝炎肝硬化70例)及4 0例正常对照者血清中镁、铁、铜、锌的水平。结果:各型肝炎及肝硬化患者血清锌水平均显著低于正常对照组(P<0 .0 1)。除急性肝炎组外,慢性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝炎肝硬化患者血清中镁、铜水平均显著低于正常对照组(P<0 .0 1) ,血清中镁、铜、锌水平以重型肝炎组最低。各型肝炎及肝硬化患者血清铁水平均显著高于正常对照(P<0 .0 1) ,以重型肝炎组最高。结论:检测病毒性肝炎患者血清中的微量元素,对了解病情及指导临床治疗具有一定的意义。