季铵化壳聚糖对冬枣的保鲜作用

为研究季铵化壳聚糖(HPTAC-CTS)对冬枣的保鲜效果,于-1℃～-2℃冷藏温度下,采用2%季铵化壳聚糖对冬枣进行涂膜保鲜处理,可保鲜贮藏冬枣80d。贮藏后果实不变形,果皮硬度高,果肉仍然很脆;腐烂率低于4%,好果率超过96%;失重率低于<5%,外观、口感可达贮藏前的水准;含糖量、含酸量、维生素C含量基本不变,保持原有风味和营养。     

9—羟基芴—9—甲酸和醇酯化反应的无水氯化钙催化剂

无水氯化钙可代替硫酸催化酯化反应，探讨了氯化钙催化９－羟基芴－９－甲酸甲酯的条件，操作简便，反应温和，无腐蚀，减少了污染与产品纯化。     

云南松针叶的耐火性模型研建

用自行设计的装置对云南松针叶进行了耐火性试验,根据在1%红四氮唑溶液中浸泡后基部的颜色判别针叶的死活,计算了针叶在不同试验条件下的死亡率,建立了云南松针叶死亡率与平均叶长、受热时间、受热温度的关系模型。分析表明,影响云南松针叶耐火性的因子依次为受热温度>受热时间>平均叶长,宿存叶鞘对针叶有一定的保护作用。     

氯化钠对饲喂棉饼诱发山羊泌尿系结石的预防试验

16只3~5月龄阉割波尔公山羊随机分为4组,即对照Ⅰ组(n=3)、对照Ⅱ组(限水对照组n=3)、试验Ⅰ组(n=5)、试验Ⅱ组(限水试验组,n=5)。对照组饲喂羊精料和花生秧,试验组饲喂棉饼和稻草,同时在试验组棉饼中加入4%棉饼量的氯化钠,对照Ⅰ组和试验Ⅰ组在试验期间不限制饮水,而对照Ⅱ组和试验Ⅱ组每天限制饮水,经预试期后试验期为4个月。结果表明:(1)添加氯化钠各试验组均未发现临床型尿石症,未添加氯化钠对照Ⅰ组有1头发病,未添加氯化钠限水对照Ⅱ组有3头发病。(2)添加氯化钠不限制水组,山羊的饮水量、排尿量较未添加氯化钠组(对照组)明显增加,尿液pH值明显降低,且差异显著;而添加氯化钠限水组,山羊的排尿量、尿液pH值与限水对照组差异不显著。(3)两个试验组血清醛固酮含量较对照组明显降低,并且尿沉渣生成量明显减少。由此推测氯化钠预防棉饼诱发山羊泌尿系结石的机理是通过降低血清中的醛固酮含量,减轻醛固酮对肾脏的损害,减少了结石核心的形成和尿液中盐类结晶沉着点,在非限饮水的情况下羊还可通过增加饮水量和排尿量,使沉渣生成量减少,从而有效地防止尿石症的发生。     

调花丰产素、矮壮素对二次结实板栗生长发育的影响

选用调花丰产素1、调花丰产素2和矮壮素三种植物生长调节制剂对二次结实板栗的雄花数，雌花数，枝长，枝粗，第一次果结蓬数和第二次果结蓬数等作用效应进行试验。结果表明，三种制剂使二次结实板栗新梢长生长降低15.63%，枝粗增加16.68%以上；二种调花丰产素处理使雌花数增加59.10%以上，雄花数降低21.56%以上。此外，试验结果证实调花丰产素对二次结实板栗的两次结蓬数量具有一定调节作用。     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

Effect of CCC and daminozide on growth of silver birch container seedlings during three years after spraying

Applications of growth retardants, daminozide and CCC (chlormequatchloride), were studied in order to determine their effects on morphology and post-planting growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) container seedlings. Daminozide was sprayed once (on 28 June at concentrations of 1.0 – 6.0 g l^–1) and CCC was sprayed twice (on 29 June and 27 July at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 gl^–1). Height growth, morphology of seedlings at the end of the growing season, the shoot and root growth potential the following spring and field performance during the following seasons were measured. During the first summer in the nursery, both daminozide and CCC retarded height growth,but daminozide was more effective. The effects of compounds on stem diameter during the summer of application were small. Neither of the compounds affected the field performance of seedlings. The most suitable applications for retardation of height growth, without negative effects on other morphological variables, were 4 g l^–1 (32 mg per seedling) for daminozide and 2 g l^–1 (16 mg per seedling), sprayed in two applications, for CCC.     

Determination of drought tolerance using root activities in Robinia pseudoacacia ''Idaho'' transformed with mtl-D gene

Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') is an exotic multi-purpose tree used in landscaping, soil and water conservation, fodder sources and others. To improve its drought tolerance for reclaiming arid land, five lines of transformed mtl-D gene, as osmotic regulator in plant cells, have been selected and managed to determine their drought tolerance under experimental conditions.Qualitative and quantitative variables of transformed plants were studied. The critical value of drought tolerance was determined by detecting the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reductants in roots and soil water content (SWC). The critical value for drought tolerance was SWC 6% while for the control plants the critical SWC was 8%; a moderate level of SWC is 13% and the highest SWC for plant endurance was 18%. The method proved to be reliable and sensitive in the evaluation of drought tolerance for forest trees.     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.