发展涪陵榨菜的制约因素与推进措施

强化食品质量安全问题,对传统榨菜行业是一个挑战,国家对三峡库区产业加大了投入,对发展涪陵榨菜又是一个好机遇。分析机遇与挑战各因素,找出制约涪陵榨菜发展的因素:榨菜质量、废水处理等,积极采取措施,推广传统风脱水工艺,生产榨菜酱油,集中建池等,提高榨菜产品的质量,提升整个榨菜产业技术水平。     

叶用芥菜新品种“黔青2号”的选育

[目的]为黔青2号(Brassica juncea L.)的大面积推广应用提供科学指导。[方法]介绍黔青2号的选育经过,以区域试验和生产试验资料为基础,分析其特征特性、产量和品质,并介绍与之相适应的栽培技术。[结果]黔青2号系结合贵州叶用芥菜资源和生产实际,由贵州省雷山宽叶青菜提纯复壮后育成,于2010年7月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种从播种到收获167 d,产量30 558.0～48 975.0 kg/hm2,比对照(贵阳鸡冠青)平均增产12.46%;粗纤维含量低,营养丰富;肉质脆嫩,叶片宽大,叶柄肥厚,品质好,丰产,经济性状优良。[结论]黔青2号综合性状表现优良,推广应用前景广阔。     

应用正交试验法优选茎瘤芥高效遗传转化体系

[目的]建立茎瘤芥高效遗传转化体系,为茎瘤芥及芸薹属植物遗传转化奠定基础。[方法]应用正交试验法研究茎瘤芥遗传转化过程中预培养时间、共培养时间、侵染液浓度、侵染时间、对转化率的影响。[结果]最适合茎瘤芥CRY2基因RNAi载体遗传转化的条件为预培养3 d、共培养4 d、侵染液浓度OD600=0.5、侵染10 min,此时Kana选择压为30 mg/L。[结论]优选出了农杆菌转化的最宜条件,遗传转化率有较大提高。     

杂交茎瘤芥涪杂一号制种技术研究

涪杂一号是用茎瘤芥胞质雄性不育系96118-3A与自交系92154杂交培育的新品种,虽产量高,品质好,但制种产量一直很低,严重制约该品种推广.试验结果表明,最佳播栽期父母本相差5天,行比1:3,密度12000株/667 m2,母本现蕾和抽薹时喷施300mg·kg-1多效唑液,能够使制种产量达20～25 kg/667 m2.     

茎瘤芥(榨菜)根肿病控害技术研究

在涪陵茎瘤芥(榨菜)根肿病常发重原病区，进行了该病可控栽培因子和化学药剂防治的控害技术研究。结果表明：自然感染条件下，适当推迟播栽期，异地培育无菌壮苗，调节土壤pH值至8．0左右，移栽时立即用杀菌剂灌根等技术，可有效控制茎瘤芥(榨菜)根肿病的发生危害。其相对防效达70％左右。     

Incidence,pathogenicity and diversity of Alternaria spp. associated with alternaria leaf spot of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia

Studies were undertaken to determine Alternaria spp. associated with leaf spot symptoms on canola (Brassica napus) in two cropping seasons (2015, 2016) across southern Australia. Major allergen Alt a1 and plasma membrane ATPase genes were used to identify Alternaria spp. In 2015, 112 isolates of seven Alternaria spp. were obtained, with A. metachromatica predominating. In 2016, 251 isolates of 12 Alternaria spp. were obtained, with A. infectoria predominating. Alternaria spp. isolates were morphologically and phylogenetically identified and studies to determine their pathogenicity on both B. napus (cv. Thunder TT) and B. juncea (cv. Dune) confirmed 10 species (A. alternata, A. arborescens, A. brassicae, A. ethzedia, A. hordeicola, A. infectoria, A. japonica, A. malvae, A. metachromatica and A. tenuissima) as pathogenic on both Brassica species. Alternaria ethzedia, A. hordeicola and A. malvae were recorded for the first time in Australia on any host and the record of A. arborescens was the first for New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia (SA). Other first records included A. infectoria on B. napus in NSW; A. japonica on B. napus in NSW and Western Australia (WA); A. metachromatica on any host in NSW, Victoria (VIC), WA and SA; and A. tenuissima on B. napus in NSW, SA and WA. It is evident that alternaria leaf spot on canola across southern Australia is not solely caused by A. brassicae, but that a range of other Alternaria spp. are also involved to varying degrees, depending upon the year and the geographic locality.     

有机无机复混专用肥对榨菜生长及产量的影响

为探究有机无机复混专用肥在榨菜生长方面的效用,设置了不同施肥量对其功能叶、经济性状、抗病性、产量等影响的试验。结果表明:施用有机无机复混专用肥后榨菜植株生长旺盛,功能叶寿命延长,抗病能力和商品性提高,增产效果明显,与施复合肥相比可增产8.92%～21.75%,以处理4(基施榨菜专用肥100 kg+少量微肥,追肥3次)表现最佳。     

6种叶用芥菜品种比较试验

为了筛选适合宁波种植的叶用芥菜品种,以大坪埔包心芥为对照,研究了6种叶用芥菜的田间农艺性状,并对其植物学、经济学特征以及产量进行了比较。结果表明,甬包芥2号生长旺盛,表现优良,各项性状均显著优于其他参试品种,单球重1.53kg,横径16.67cm,纵径18.00cm,生产上可大面积推广。     

Increasing erucic acid content in Ethiopian mustard through mutation breeding

Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was applied to seeds of the Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) line C-101. Bulk samples of M₃ seeds from 8331 M₂ plants were evaluated for the fatty acid composition of their oil by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and by further gas chromatography on selected samples. A putative mutant, N2-6230, showing very low oleic acid content (4.7% vs. average of 8.6% in C-101) and erucic acid content within the range of variation of the line C-101 (40-49.3%) was identified. The M₃ progeny of this mutant showed a wide segregation for erucic acid content (39.1-57.9% vs. 41.8-50.3% in C-101), and maintained levels of oleic acid lower than in line C-101. Selection for high erucic acid content in the M₃ and M₄ generations led to the fixation of this mutation in the M₅ generation (52.2-59.3% vs. 39.0-47.6% in C-101). This is the first high erucic acid line obtained in Brassica species through mutation breeding. Its utility in future programmes to develop very high erucic acid lines is discussed.     

有机酸施用对印度芥菜吸收Pb,Cd的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了EDTA、柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸对土壤中Pb,Cd的活化和印度芥菜吸收Ph,cd的影响．结果表明,向土壤中施加EDTA不但促进了对Ph的活化而且显著提高了印度芥菜对Ph的吸收,芥菜地上部分的Ph含量是对照的7倍：而柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸则抑制了Ph的活化,但对印度芥菜地上部分的Ph含量影响不大．有机酸对Cd的影响相对较弱,除草酸显著降低了交换态Cd的含量外,其他有机酸对Cd的活化和印度芥菜吸收Cd的影响与对照均没有明显差异．