Influence of indigenous inputs on the properties of old alluvial soil in a mustard cropping system

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research and Seed Multiplication Farm of Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, to evaluate the influence of integrated nutrient management on soil physicochemical properties in a mustard (Brassica campestris cv. ‘B9’) cropping system. The experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 in old alluvial soil (pH 6–7). Seven different doses of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)), vermicomposts, organic (cow dung), and chemical fertilizers were applied on mustard in both the experimental seasons. The results indicated an improvement in soil quality by increasing soil porosity and water holding capacity significantly, as well as gradual build-up of the soil micronutrient status after harvesting of the crop. Dual applications of biofertilizers and vermicomposts have contributed significantly to higher soil organic matter, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents as well as micronutrient availability of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) and subsequently increased the soil health.     

PEG浸老化种子对茎瘤芥幼苗株高的影响

[目的]分析聚乙二醇（PEG）浸老化种子对茎瘤芥幼苗株高的影响。[方法]使用不同浓度PEG 6000（5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%）,以不同处理时间（4、8、12、16、20、24 h）浸茎瘤芥老化种子后,测量其幼苗株高。[结果]与对照相比,5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%PEG 6000以不同处理时间,浸茎瘤芥老化种子后,其幼苗株高均显著增加（P〈0.05）。[结论]25%PEG 6000浸茎瘤芥老化种子12 h,其幼苗株高最高。     

Biofumigant Biomass,Nutrient Content,and Glucosinolate Response to Phosphorus

Information on biofumigant-green manure vegetative biomass, nutrient, and glucosinolate content sensitivity to phosphorus (P) is lacking for species used in potato and sugarbeet production. Therefore, available P effects on field-grown condiment yellow mustard (Sinapis alba, cv. IdaGold) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativa, cv. Colonel) were evaluated (2001–03). Low soil P was generally more limiting to radish foliage P concentrations or uptake than to the mustard, suggesting inherent differences in their ability to access and accumulate P. While radish P and S concentrations increased with higher P, concentrations in mustard were either unaffected or reduced. Foliage P concentrations were more closely related to biomass of radish (r² = 0.46) than mustard (r² = 0.11). Mustard exceeded radish in biomass and S accumulation. Phosphorus effects on glucosinolates producing ionic or isothiocyanates were relatively insignificant. These biofumigants differ appreciably in their ability to access and accumulate P, but P effects on nutrient content or glucosinolates were minor.     

紫外处理和热激处理调控芥菜芽苗主要生理生化及褪黑素富集研究

为研究紫外处理和热激处理对芥菜芽苗生理生化及其褪黑素富集的调控机制,本试验以芥菜籽粒为试材,研究经紫外处理和热激处理芥菜芽苗的主要生理生化指标及褪黑素合成关键酶基因表达情况。结果表明,经紫外处理和热激处理后,发芽期间,芥菜芽苗的芽长显著低于对照组(CK),可溶性蛋白含量和总抗氧化能力均显著高于CK(P<0.05),在观察时间点(4 和7 d),热激处理发芽4 d的芥菜芽苗褪黑素含量最高,分别是CK和紫外处理的2.89和2.47倍。发芽期间,紫外处理和热激处理各关键酶基因表达量存在显著差异,热激处理4 d时芥菜芽苗TDC2、T5H2及SNAT4的表达量较CK均显著上调,而SNAT2及ASMT3的表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究表明热激处理可作为芥菜芽苗富集褪黑素的有效手段。     

Transfer of radiocesium from hydroponic medium to potherb mustard and tomato plants

Abstract

Potherb mustard (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica) and tomato plants (scion, ‘CF Momotaro haruka’; rootstock, ‘Dokutar K’; Solanum lycopersicum) were cultured in hydroponic medium containing cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) at three different concentrations (0.03, 0.13 and 1.03 Bq L^?1), and uptake of ¹³⁷C into the plants was determined. When the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 1.03 Bq L^?1, the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 4.80 Bq kg^?1 fresh weight for the potherb mustard plants and 3.60 Bq kg^?1 fresh weight for the tomato plants. In both species, the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentration in the edible portions decreased with decreasing ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentration in the culture medium. When the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 0.03 Bq L^?1, a concentration observed in many streams and in tap water in Fukushima Prefecture after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 0.50 and 0.15 Bq kg^?1 fresh weight for potherb mustard and tomato plants, respectively. These values are less than the Japanese allowable limit for radiocesium in food. For both species, the transfer factors for ¹³⁷Cs uptake from the culture media to the edible portions and the average transfer rates over the cultivation period were calculated.     

Effectiveness of Gypsum and Pyrite for Sulfur Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Indian Mustard under Rainfed Conditions of North India

Field trials were conducted for two consecutive years during the rabi season in sandy loam soils of Jammu (north India) under rainfed conditions to study the effect of gypsum and pyrite for sulfur (S) nutrition on the oil content, S uptake, and yield of Indian mustard. Application of S through gypsum or pyrite either in natural or ground form increased S content, uptake, oil content, and yield of mustard significantly over the control. Among the different treatments, S application at 50 kg S ha^?1 of ground gypsum (GM₂S₂) recorded the significantly highest mean seed yield of 20.30 and 18.01 q ha^?1, which lead to an increase of 30 and 29.8% in the first and second year, respectively, over the control. For the duration of the experiment, it was observed that 25 kg S ha^?1 was the optimum dose, preferably of ground gypsum, for mustard crops under rainfed conditions.     

Production potential and competitive indices of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) based intercropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) under different row ratios of eastern Uttar Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted during the (rabi) seasons of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 at the research farm, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to find out the suitable row ratio of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) intercropping with wheat (1:9, 2:9, 1:6, 2:6) and lentil (1:4, 1:5, 2:4, 2:5) row ratios, respectively. The highest yield attributes of mustard were recorded with mustard + lentil (2:5), which was significantly superior to mustard + wheat (1:9) and mustard + lentil (1:5). Maximum seed yield and stover yield of mustard was recorded with mustard + lentil (2:4), which was being significant over other row ratios of mustard + wheat (1:6, 1:9, 2:9) but was at par with mustard + lentil (1:5) and mustard + wheat (2:6) row ratios. Mustard equivalent yield (3128 kg ha^?1) recorded under intercropping of mustard with wheat in 1:9 row ratio was significantly higher than sole cropping of mustard, wheat, and lentil, and other remaining intercropping systems. Intercropping of mustard with wheat in 1:9 row ratio showed the highest land equivalent ratio (1.51), aggressivity index (+0.15), net return (60,468 Rs ha^?1), and benefit:cost ratio (4.3) among all other intercropping treatments.     

茎瘤芥新品种涪杂1号的选育

涪杂1号茎瘤芥母本是胞质雄性不育系96118-3A,父本是优良的茎瘤芥自交系920154。该一代杂种从出苗至现蕾150～155 d(天),属中熟类型。瘤茎近圆球形,加工性能好,品质优,适于四川盆地茎瘤芥产区种植,一般每667 m2产量2 500—3 000 kg,最高可达4 000 kg。     

芥蓝废弃物的综合开发利用研究

芥蓝是我国的特产蔬菜,主要食用肥嫩的花苔和嫩叶,茎叶、根等被当作废弃物腐烂于菜地而污染环境。利用物理、化学、生物等技术,可以从芥蓝废弃物中制备聚羟基烷酸脂、乳酸及其衍生物、芥蓝纸、膳食纤维、乙醇、沼气、有机肥、饲料和生物滤床滤料等。芥蓝废弃物的综合开发利用可提高经济效益,是芥蓝生产和加工的重要发展趋势。