氮肥运筹对抛秧栽培晚稻物质积累及产量的影响

在总施氮(纯氮)量为180kg/hm2的条件下,研究不同施氮时期对秀水79物质积累和分配及与产量形成的影响。结果表明:最高分蘖数随前期施氮比例的减小呈下降的趋势,氮肥后移有利于成穗率的提高,延长生育期。产量侧重后期施氮处理的产量较生育后期不施氮处理的产量明显提高,按基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥之比为5:3:2施氮方式产量最高,比对照增稻谷3800.0kg/hm2,增产85.15%。氮素的生产力随着基肥施用量的增加有下降趋势。在不同施氮比例下,对有效穗和结实率有显著的影响,而对穗实粒数和千粒重差异不大,因而适当氮肥后移在保证颖花数的前提下,延长剑叶生长时间,防止叶片早衰,可以提高结实率和千粒重而增加产量。     

爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性的研究

爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性研究结果表明，玉米叶长、宽及干物重从倒１叶开始依次递升、至果穗叶层达到峰值后，再缓慢下降。叶绿素含量各叶位虽有一定的差异，但无明显规律；分析叶绿素ａ及ｂ的比值，果穗叶层最低。就叶片内叶肉细胞环数而言，低叶位和高叶位的叶片低环数的叶肉细胞比例相对较高，而高环数的叶肉细胞比例较低，果穗叶层六环以上的叶肉细胞比例较高；单位面积上气孔数目具同样规律。     

湘西引种月见草不同成熟期种子含油量及组分分析

为选育和栽培适于湘西地区种植的月见草新品种,对辽宁省清原县引进的月见草"油毛1号"种子在湘西种植后的不同成熟期种子含油量及组分进行对比分析。采用索氏提取法测定粗脂肪,采用超临界CO2萃取法测定精油得油率,并用GC-MS分析精油组分含量的变化,结果表明,"油毛1号"在湘西引种后的单枝晚熟种子中含油量和亚麻酸含量均为最高。     

清末呼兰地区移民与农业开发

呼兰是清政府在东北最早开禁的地区。1860～1903年,清朝先后开放了蒙古尔山、通肯等地区,关内移民开始大量涌入呼兰地区．土地开发规模迅速扩大,粮食产量大幅度提高,农产品加工业崛起,农产商品率迅速提高,促进了农业的近代化。     

南方晚熟桃栽培技术

为了对生产提供参考,在多年晚熟桃引种、栽培的基础上,从品种的选择、立地条件、定植方法、土肥水管理、整形修剪、花果管理及病虫害防治等方面介绍了南方晚熟桃的栽培技术。     

被忽视的晚清诗文拓荒者——论胡先骕之诗文评

上个世纪20年代,胡先骕在《学衡》发表多篇关于清代诗词集的评论。他独具慧眼,对赵熙、阮大铖、刘光第等人的研究,皆有开山奠基之功,后世研究多以此为基础,可谓是晚清诗歌研究的拓荒者。在这些文章中,胡先骕强调道德节制、中庸等思想,反对白话文运动,体现了他保守主义的文化观。也正由于胡先骕的文化立场及其他复杂原因,导致其诗歌研究的开拓之功,长期以来未得到应有的重视。     

大石早生李幼树光合特性研究

采用红外线CO2分析仪对大石早生李幼树光合特性研究结果表明：大石早生李光饱和点为1820－2120μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点为75μmol·m-2·s-1。净光合速率的日变化呈“中午降低型”的双峰曲线,最大值出现;在上午9：30,次峰值出现在下午5：00;净光合速率的年周期变化为双峰曲线,最高峰出现在6月10日,净光合速率为19．2μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,次高峰出现在8月22日。不同品种的净光合速率维持在13．3～17．7μmolCO2·m－2·s－1之间,大石早生李与其它相比,品种净光合速率无明显差异。     

Societal Costs of Late Blight in Potato and Prospects of Durable Resistance Through Cisgenic Modification

In the European Union almost 6 Mha of potatoes are grown representing a value of close to €6,000,000,000. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans causes annual losses (costs of control and damage) estimated at more than €1,000,000,000. Chemical control is under pressure as late blight becomes increasingly aggressive and there is societal resistance against the use of environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Breeding programmes have not been able to markedly increase the level of resistance of current potato varieties. New scientific approaches may yield genetically modified marker-free potato varieties (either trans- and/or cisgenic, the latter signifying the use of indigenous resistance genes) as improved variants of currently used varieties showing far greater levels of resistance. There are strong scientific investments needed to develop such improved varieties but these varieties will have great economic and environmental impact. Here we present an approach, based on (cisgenic) resistance genes that will enhance the impact. It consists of five themes: the detection of R-genes in the wild potato gene pool and their function related to the various aspects in the infection route and reproduction of the late blight causing pathogen; cloning of natural R-genes and transforming cassettes of single or multiple (cisgenic) R-genes into existing varieties with proven adaptation to improve their value for consumers; selection of true to the wild type and resistant genotypes with similar qualities as the original variety; spatial and temporal resistance management research of late blight of the cisgenic genetically modified (GM) varieties that contain different cassettes of R-genes to avoid breaking of resistance and reduce build-up of epidemics; communication and interaction with all relevant stakeholders in society and transparency in what research is doing. One of the main challenges is to explain the different nature and possible biological improvement and legislative repercussions of cisgenic GM-crops in comparison with transgenic GM-crops. It is important to realize that the present EU Directive 2001/18/EC on GM crops does not make a difference between trans- and cisgenes. These rules were developed when only transgenic GM plants were around. We present a case arguing for an updating and refinement of these rules in order to place cisgenic GM-crops in another class of GM-plants as has been done in the past with (induced) mutation breeding and the use of protoplast fusion between crossable species.