How do humans value urban nature? Developing the perceived biophilic design scale (PBDs) for preference and emotion

With the growth of urbanization and the increasingly hectic pace of life, exposure to urban nature within blue-green infrastructure is greatly impacting human health and well-being. Biophilia, an evolutional concept, conveys the initial connection between humans and nature; biophilic design transfers into design attributes to indicate the relationship between humans and the environment. A significant advantage of experiencing nature is positive restoration; however, only limited research has been conducted on connecting biophilic design and mental health. This study adopted our perceived biophilic design items (PBDi) to examine the relationship between landscape preferences and emotional states in urban green spaces. Online surveys (valid total n = 477) examining these biophilic items, landscape preferences, and emotional states were conducted. Seven aspects—(1) evolved human–nature relationships, (2) place-based relationships, (3) visual aesthetic quality, (4) state of natural change, (5) environmental perception, (6) sense of compatibility in the built environment, and (7) natural form of design method —were confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with 64.35 % of the cumulative variance, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated good convergent validity and discriminant validity. The overall perceived biophilic design scale (PBDs) with 28 items had a Cronbach’s α of 0.91. In addition, it was found that PBDs significantly explained landscape preferences and positive emotional states within urban nature. The findings provide an alternative tool for measuring human biophilic perceptions that influence environmental experiences. In addition, each item in the scale could be used as a biophilic guideline for designers and planners to reinterpret nature in cities and to enhance our connection to nature in general.     

基于岭南州府园林视角的古代惠州西湖延续性特征研究

惠州西湖作为岭南州府园林的典型个例,在跨越千年的演进过程中逐渐沉淀出与时间的显性关系,是历时演进的州府风景。基于岭南州府园林视角,运用历史研究法,引入“层积”概念,以古代惠州西湖为研究对象,归纳其延续性特征的基础为历代州府接续建管与“发现—建设—游赏—传颂”风景营建迭代循环;总结其延续性特征的结果为单要素演变和各要素整体状态叠合的空间层积与跨越时空情景“逝反”的文化层积。     

基于空间句法的清华大学校园历史与人文景观空间形态演变研究

基于空间句法中整合率与穿行率2个指标,对清华大学校园景观空间形态及其演变展开建模、分析与论述。通过对景观形态特征与历史社会经济特点的讨论,将清华大学校园景观形态的演变分为4个时期作为理解景观形态发展的框架,包括熙春园时期、美式校园时期、单位制时期和书院回归时期。结果表明,熙春园时期的3个重要历史景观均为现代校园师生出行的重要空间节点。不同时期关键景观节点具备通过空间形态特征,反映校园发展过程中典型文化意识形态的潜力。历史与人文景观空间节点在师生出行中逐渐向穿行地的角色靠拢。同时基于聚类分析,发现清华大学1954年前后建成的景观空间差异性较大。     

全域旅游视角下粤西水湄村旅游景观设计文化策略

从全域旅游的角度,梳理新兴县及其周边旅游资源现状。以新兴县六祖镇水湄村为例,阐述了水湄村旅游发展存在着文化资源利用不足,乡村特色体验景观缺乏和自然资源破坏的现状问题。通过对水湄村文化、自然资源深入挖掘,根据乡村景观资源的综合特征,提出以红色文化参观、民俗风情体验、田园风光游览三线并行的景观设计文化策略,形成以体验为导向,红色文化与民俗文化、生态资源相结合的混合开发模式,期望打造全域背景下六祖镇差异化的乡村特色文化旅游产品。     

风景园林学视野下的阿者科哈尼族乡土景观研究

在美丽中国、生态文明、乡村振兴等时代背景下,乡土景观研究的重要性日益凸显。在系统分析风景园林学科体系下乡土景观研究现状的基础上,提出了一种基于风景园林学科核心内容和根本使命的乡土景观研究新框架。以云南阿者科哈尼族乡土景观为例,从宏观、中观和微观3个层面系统研究了其空间组成结构,进而研究了阿者科哈尼族人与自然关系的定位及互动方式。最后探讨了基于上述研究成果,利用风景园林学理论展开相关后续研究内容的实践途径,并提出此新框架不仅拓展乡土景观的研究视野,也有助于风景园林学科的发展。     

基于地方创生的村居环境艺术营建

在城与村跨越式发展中,地方文化失语,自我文化认同感缺失现象凸显。基于地方创生的各种理论研究和社会实践在全球范围内开展。通过珠海横琴新区村居环境艺术实践,阐明地方创生在村居营建中的人文意义,归纳了基于地方创生的村居环境艺术的设计方法,包括创造式历史保存、乡愁景观保存与恢复、公共艺术介入、多功能设施联结情感、园林植物选用5个方面。村居艺术营建既要依托项目培养团队协作精神和完善理论研究,还要联动学校、社区和主管部门通力协作,形成长效合作机制,共同实现城与村的和谐之美。     

福州高架桥下植物景观空间微气候舒适度评价

文章采用不同舒适性指标探究植物景观对福州高架桥下空间微气候舒适度的影响,结果表明,代表舒适性指标的典型变量V1主要受S指标(综合舒适度指数)的影响;代表微气候因子的典型变量W1主要受空气温度、环境平均辐射温度、相对湿度的影响;太阳辐射强度、空气温度、环境平均辐射温度与舒适性指标呈正相关,相对湿度、风速与舒适性指标呈负相关;S指标是较好的舒适性指标;乔灌草是桥下空间最佳的植物景观类型,降温幅度在1℃~2℃。该结果可为福州市高架桥桥下植物景观空间的热舒适环境提供评判依据。     

景观生态界面综合研究及展望

本文通过景观生态界面概念及研究方法的介绍,对不同生态系统和尺度下的生态界面结构和功能研究进行阐述,内容主要涉及:生态界面理论框架、界面类型分类、界面潜在生态功能研究以及不同生态系统、生态过程和尺度中统计学和模拟方法的应用,旨在为提高景观生态界面综合研究水平提供参考,并对未来生态界面研究进行展望。     

Proximate composition and selected functional properties of fermented and unfermented African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seed flour

Flour samples were prepared from fermented and unfermentedAfrican oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seeds (AOBS). The flour samples were evaluated for proximate composition and certain functional properties. The influenceof defatting on these properties was also determined. Fermentation significantly increased (p<0.05) the proteinand decreased the crude fiber, ash, fat and carbohydrate contents of the AOBS flours. The nitrogen solubility of both fermented and unfermented flours was pH dependent withminimum and maximum solubility at pH 4.0 and pH 8.0, respectively, and with increased nitrogen solubility in the fermented sample. The fermented and unfermented flour sampleshad least gelation concentrations of 14 and 16% (w/v), respectively. The water absorption capacity and foam capacitiesof the fermented flour were 36 and 34%, respectively, over the unfermented seed flour. On the other hand, fermentation decreased the fat absorption capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion and foam stabilities. Fermentation decreased (p<0.05) the bulk density of AOBS flour by 15%. Defattingimproved all the functional properties evaluated except emulsion activity. These results indicate potential food usesof fermented and unfermented AOBS flour samples as protein supplements in diets and as functional ingredients in formulated foods.     

中小型城市遗产廊道建设——以重庆市云阳县龙脊岭生态文化长廊为例

在遗产廊道研究的基础上,以重庆市云阳县龙脊岭生态文化长廊为例,阐述了龙脊岭生态文化长廊在城市建设中的作用及为城市建设带来的诸多效益。