浅析中国沈阳世界园艺博览会植物景观特色

植物景观是运用乔木、灌木、藤本及草本植物等题材,通过艺术手法,充分发挥植物的形体、线条、色彩等自然美来配植成美丽动人的植物景观,供人们观赏。本文通过对2006年中国沈阳世界园艺博览会的植物景观及其所蕴含的深厚地域文化的调查、分析和评价,力图说明其植物景观设计的科学性、艺术性和文化性,表达了“我们与自然和谐共生”的主题。     

Using model scenarios to predict and evaluate forest-management impacts on soil base saturation at landscape level

Silviculture, forest conversion and technical tools of ecosystem management, such as forest liming, display their effects at the landscape level. Therefore their planning and control should take place at the same scale. The primary objective of this work was to assess soil chemical properties and their changes in relationship to ecosystem management, especially forest conversion and forest liming. We calculated scenario models, based on regression analysis, which allow such an examination in the context of understanding landscape processes which can be expected to operate in the sampling region. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict soil chemical attributes (base saturation, pH, C/N content and stock, exchangeable stocks of Ca and Mg) as indicators of site stability or off-site effects of forest ecosystems such as effects on clean drinking water from forested watersheds. Because of space limitations, in this paper only the modelling results of base saturation are presented. Base saturation was used as an integrative example for other soil chemical properties. The transformation of measurements to the regional scale, i.e., the regionalization, was calculated for the forested parts of two test regions in the Black Forest on the basis of measured chemical properties of 90–150 soil profiles per test region. The models have a spatial resolution of 50×50 m, which is a spatial scale relevant for forestry practice and forest management. Topographic variables (e.g., elevation, aspect, slope gradient, and slope length), the stratigraphic classification of the geologic substrate, stand characteristics from forest inventory data, and finally technical information about forest liming were the auxiliary variables (secondary site properties) that provided indirect information about base saturation and were available for the whole forested area of the test regions. Base saturation could be predicted with an accuracy of ~50–70% (in terms of the multiple R²) by using these properties as predictor variables in multiple linear regression analyses. The explained proportion of variance was unexpectedly high considering the high geomorphological heterogeneity of the two test regions. Based upon the regionalization models, it was possible to establish scenarios showing the landscape-related effects on base saturation that may be achieved by forest conversion towards a higher proportion of forests with broad-leaved mixed stands and by forest liming. These scenarios allow the interactions between several influencing factors and management strategies and the impacts on the target variable to be synoptically judged. Thus the presented regionalization models achieve the role of decision support tools for the planning of forest management at the landscape level. They allow an assessment of the environmental effects of forest management strategies in terms of site sustainability or preservation of water resources in forested catchments.     

城市生态环境建设模式的比较

园林城市,山水城市、森林城市,生态防护城市及特色城市等都是不同城市生态环境下生态城市的具体类型。文章介绍了生态城市各种建设模式的应用和建设基本原则。       

基于GIS的秦岭火地塘森林景观生物量变化趋势分析

在GIS技术的支持下，通过格网取样法获得研究区样点基本环境要素数据及样点单位面积生物量数据；以环境要素数据为自变量，样点单位面积生物量为因变量，采用二元四次多项式建立趋势方程并生成立体模型。研究结果表明，海拔、坡度、坡向等环境因素及其组合对森林景观生物现存量影响显著，森林植被本身的生物学特征及其它干扰因素也对其有重要影响。     

中国的竹景观资源

竹景观是一种特殊的景观资源，由竹的自然景观和竹的人文景观构成。竹的自然景观主要包括风景竹林景观、专类竹园景观、庭园竹景观和盆景竹景观；竹的人文景观主要由竹建筑景观、竹制器具、竹工艺品、竹食品、竹民俗和竹文化博览等组成。     

景观工程施工安全现状及对策的研究

本文主要研究了我国景观工程安全管理,在分析了我国景观工程与国外景观工程安全的现状后,从完善法律法规、加强监管、加大行政执法力度、提高法律意识等方面进行了研究,提出建立安全生产目标管理和政府建筑安全管理目标。     

泗县滨水景观绿地系统规划

根据城市滨水景观的特征和规划原则,分析其对城市的重要作用和影响,探讨如何使之与城市绿地系统更好的结合,塑造富有特色的城市形象,并结合泗县进行实例分析。       

茶文化在公园文化中的再构建

品佳茗与赏园林,在艺术鉴赏这一层面上,都是为了追求心神的愉悦,进入一种人生智慧的灵通境界。因此,将中国传统文化中具有悠久历史、博大精深的茶文化引入到公园建设中来,将会给现代公园文化注入新的元素,这也是丰富和提升公园文化内涵的一个重要手段。     

林隙(GAP)干扰研究进展

本文系统地介绍了森林循环的理论、自然干扰的概念、林隙的一般特征和林隙干扰的时空格局。干扰是森林循环的驱动力,干扰形成的林隙是森林循环的起点。林隙的大小、形成年龄、形成方式以及形成木的特征是研究林隙特征的重要参数,虽然不同森林群落中,林隙干扰的频率和程度及其时空变化规律不同,但大多数森林的年平均干扰率是在１％左右。不同的森林类型中,大、小型干扰的比例不同。小型林隙干扰与大型灾难性干扰在不同时空条件下的组合,就形成了不同森林景观的时空变化格局。     

Comparison of temporal and spatial changes in three major tropical forests based on MODIS data

Numerous studies have shown that intact tropical forests account for half of the total terrestrial sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide.Here,we analyzed and compared changes in three main tropical forest regions from 2000 to 2014,based on time-series analysis and landscape metrics derived from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer data.We examined spatialpattern changes in percentage of tree cover and net primary production(NPP)for three tropical forest regions—Amazon basin,Congo basin,and Southeast Asia.The results show that:the Amazon basin region had the largest tropical forest area and total NPP and a better continuity of TC distribution;the Southeast Asia region exhibited a sharp decrease in NPP and had comparatively separate spatial patterns of both TC and NPP;and the Congo basin region exhibited a dramatic increase in NPP and had better aggregation of forest NPP distribution.Results also show that aggregative patterns likely correlate with high NPP values.