单层柱面正交异型网壳的非线性动力稳定全过程分析

单层网壳的稳定性能是该种结构设计的主要控制因素,动力稳定是单层网壳稳定性能的主要组成部分。该文利用非线性有限元理论,对单层柱面正交网壳在地震荷载作用下的动力稳定全过程进行了分析。在数值分析过程中,利用比例法调整地震作用的峰值加速度,采用B-R准则判定结构的动力稳定临界荷载。通过分析对单层柱面正交网壳的动力屈曲前后过程有了一个较为全面的了解。     

对小型茶树开沟和施肥一体机的有限元分析

目前,在广西等地区的茶树开沟和施肥主要依靠纯人工的方法进行,虽然目前有用于茶树的开沟与施肥的机械,但限于成本以及广西丘陵地带等地理条件的制约,市场上茶树的开沟机械无法适于广西地区的使用,而人工的方法劳动强度大,不利于大规模地进行茶树的种植。为了解决农民在对小型茶树开沟和施肥过程中劳动强度大等问题,提出了一种小型茶树开沟和施肥一体机的机械,并在此之前申请了国家发明专利。运用UG对该机械进行有限元分析,以此来验证茶树开沟和施肥一体机的机械化强度满足生产要求,旨在提高茶树种植业的经济效益和产品化水平,满足茶叶的增长需求。     

不同水稻品种中镉及微量元素含量的差异分析

采用盆栽试验,以沈阳农业大学水稻所提供的10个水稻品种为供试作物,在土壤外源添加Cd为2.5,10mg.kg-1,以不添加Cd为对照的条件下,根据方差分析和聚类分析筛选出低镉和高镉积累水稻品种,分析水稻根、茎叶、糙米中Cd含量与Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn的相关关系。在Cd添加2.5mg.kg-1的条件下,研究低Cd和高Cd积累水稻品种中Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn含量差异。结果表明:供试的10个水稻品种中,品种4和品种5属于低镉积累,品种9属于高镉积累,在Cd添加浓度为2.5mg.kg-1和10mg.kg-1时,2个水稻品种糙米中Cd含量分别相差0.79mg.kg-1和2.61mg.kg-1。水稻根系中Cd与Mn有协同作用,茎叶中Cd与Mn、P有协同作用,糙米中Cd与P有拮抗作用。减少水稻对Mn的吸收量可以降低根系对Cd的吸收,适当增加P的使用量有利于降低糙米中Cd含量。     

园林景观中的植物色彩设计——以青岛石老人生态旅游区植被改造为例

通过对青岛石老人生态旅游区的植被改造规划的分析,探讨植物不同器官和不同季节的色彩变化在园林景观规划设计中的意义。从生态旅游区的整体色彩效果出发,考虑背景色彩,着重应用原有的绿色基调,调配点缀不同的植物及色彩变化,营造丰富多彩和富于变化的植物色彩景观。     

辽宁中部城市群土地利用时空格局遥感分析

利用1986、1996和2006年3个时间节点的美国TM(或ETM)影像提取了辽宁中部城市群的土地利用/土地覆被信息,采用景观生态学理论,结合3S技术和LUCC分析方法,系统分析了辽宁中部城市群土地利用格局的时空动态变化过程.结果表明:辽宁中部城市群土地利用格局特征体现在东西部土地利用类型差异明显.根据土地利用类型面积...     

Simulating the cumulative effects of multiple forest management strategies on landscape measures of forest sustainability

While the cumulative effects of the actions of multiple owners have long been recognized as critically relevant to efforts to maintain sustainable forests at the landscape scale, few studies have addressed these effects. We used the HARVEST timber harvest simulator to predict the cumulative effects of four owner groups (two paper companies, a state forest and non-industrial private owners) with different management objectives on landscape pattern in an upper Michigan landscape managed primarily for timber production. We quantified trends in landscape pattern metrics that were linked to Montreal Process indicators of forest sustainability, and used a simple wildlife habitat model to project habitat trends. Our results showed that most trends were considered favorable for forest sustainability, but that some were not. The proportion of all age classes and some forest types moved closer to presettlement conditions. The trend for the size of uneven-aged patches was essentially flat while the average size of patches of the oldest and youngest age classes increased and the size of patches of the remaining age classes decreased. Forest fragmentation generally declined, but edge density of age classes increased. Late seral forest habitat increased while early successional habitat declined. The owners use different management systems that cumulatively produce a diversity of habitats. Our approach provides a tool to evaluate such cumulative effects on other landscapes owned by multiple owners. The approach holds promise for helping landowner groups develop and evaluate cooperative strategies to improve landscape patterns for forest sustainability.     

The incorporation of environmentally derived 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca in early otolith formation of Chinook salmon

Effective species management often requires understanding patterns of movement and habitat use. A common approach in identifying where individuals reside relies upon chemical tracers from the environment that are incorporated into an individual's tissues. For fish, isotopes in their otoliths, specifically the portion of their otolith formed during their larval stage, have been used to identify the natal origin. Complicating this work, however, is the fact that during this life stage, there is a shift in the source of isotopes deposited onto the growing otolith from maternally to environmentally derived. The objective of this study was to identify the portion of the otolith representing this transition to environmentally derived isotopes so as to accurately investigate questions of natal origin for a threatened population of fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We exposed developing larvae to four treatments that differed in terms of their water strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and used change-point analysis of otolith ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and strontium to calcium ratio (Sr/Ca) to identify the otolith radius corresponding to the transition to environmentally derived isotopes. Our results indicated this transition occurred, on average, at 132 μm (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr; ±50 μm standard deviation) and 127 μm (Sr/Ca; ±29 μm) from the otolith core, which corresponded to the developmental time between hatching and exogenous feeding. A substantial proportion of our otoliths (i.e., 61%) did not show convergence between otolith and water ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr by the end of the 113-day experiment, which was likely due to the dietary contribution of marine-based feed. Therefore, we were unable to recommend an otolith radius to target for the purposes of reconstructing natal origin apart from being beyond approximately 130 μm.     

适应学科发展需要 改革园林生态学教学

园林生态学应用性强、涉及范围广,理论教学、实践教学和考核方式都需要不断进行改革。山西师范大学生命学院的园林生态学理论教学改革主要从选择教材、增加实例教学、关注学科前沿、利用多媒体教学等方面入手;实践教学改革主要是开展研究性学习;考核方式改革则采用了综合评定模式。     

贵阳市主要土壤重金属状况研究

通过对2000～2003年贵阳市的白云区、修文县、开阳县、清镇市、息烽县、乌当区、小河区以及花溪区的多个旱地的表土和底土（53个样品）中重金属元素（汞、砷、铅、镉、铬）含量进行检测，以GB／T18407．1—2001《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜产地环境要求》为标准，采用单因子指数法及N．L．Nemerow综合指数法进行评价，分析结果表明：贵阳市无公害蔬菜生产基地的大部分土壤中的5种重金属元素的含量基本在GB／T18407．1—2001规定的范围内，但也有个别区域内土样中砷、镉含量达到了警戒线的含量范围，如白云区底土中砷的单因子综合污染指数达到0．7968、乌当区表土中镉的单因子综合污染指数达到0．7542，两者都属于0．7～1．0污染警戒线范围内。总体土壤的表土、底土重金属综合污染指数分别为0．3785、0．4204，小于0．7，污染等级属于安全，污染水平为清洁，土壤环境质量为1级。