基于TRIZ理论解决立柱栽培蔬菜长势不均的问题

摘要：由于立柱基质栽培设施存在上下层水肥供应不均和阴阳面光照不均的问题,导致了蔬菜长势不均进而影响高产,为了解决这些问题,引入TRIZ理论,根据TRIZ一般解题流程,首先陈述具体技术问题,然后抽象为TRIZ通用问题模型,再运用TRIZ工具得到通用的解决方案模型,共获得16种解决方案,最后结合实际,通过方案评价进行选择和技术集成,最终优选出“立体水培（或气雾培）＋动态旋转＋周期性供水肥”的集成方案,解决了立柱基质栽培水肥供应不均和光照不均的问题,有望进一步实现蔬菜无土栽培提质增产。     

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶Pn4CL基因的克隆及表达分析

根据胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶（4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, 4CL）基因的部分序列设计引物,运用RACE方法获得其家族成员的1个全长cDNA,命名为Pn4cl,长度2130 bp,开放阅读框1638 bp,编码545个氨基酸。预测Pn4CL分子量为59.57 kDa,理论等电点为5.70。该基因含有AMP-binding（AMP-binding enzyme）、CaiC[Acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) /AMP-acid ligaseⅡ]、PLN02246、AFD-class I等结合域,具有植物4CL所共有的保守结构域。系统进化分析表明,Pn4CL与北细辛的同源性最高,同时与木兰分支类植物的4CL聚类在一起,与菊分支的进化距离较近,与蔷薇分支的进化距离较远。亚细胞定位表明,该蛋白定位在细胞膜上。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,该基因受外援激素SA和MeJA诱导表达,同时接种辣椒疫霉菌后,Pn4CL基因的表达量在抗/感2种胡椒中均出现先增加后减少的现象,并且在抗病种质中表达量较高。研究结果为Pn4CL的功能研究提供了理论依据。     

河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培基质筛选

为提高番茄无土栽培质量,以番茄品种"金福莱"为试材,研究了6种不同配比基质对河西走廊温室无土栽培番茄生长的影响。结果表明:采用处理Ⅳ(沙∶玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶商品基质∶鸡粪=4∶5∶5∶6∶3)的基质配比(体积比),番茄光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2和气孔导度数值最大,植株保持较强的生长势与结果能力,番茄株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量和折合667 m~2产量等性状均显著优于其他处理,分别为178.60 cm、1.13 cm、16.36个、3.12 kg和7 531.68 kg;其果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素含量最高,分别为4.15%、0.58%、7.30%、302.2 mg/kg和152.4 mg/kg,明显优于其他处理;因此,在河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培中推荐使用此配比基质。     

菏泽市樱桃番茄日光温室栽培关键技术

为了充分发挥樱桃番茄观赏性强、营养价值高、菜果兼宜且经济效益突出的特点,满足广大消费者和种植户的热切需求,积极开展新品种选育、深入研究高效栽培管理技术具有重要的现实意义。在栽培面积不断增加、产量及品质出现瓶颈的情况下,对菏泽市多个樱桃番茄大棚种植园进行了实地调研,从品种选择、播种、培育壮苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、果实采收等方面归纳总结出了菏泽市樱桃番茄日光温室栽培关键技术,以期为当地种植户实现促产增收提供依据。     

基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的土壤含水量短期预测模型

为提高土壤含水量预测精度,基于物联网监测数据,提出了粒子群算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络的土壤含水量预测方法。首先应用主成分分析法筛选出影响土壤含水量的关键影响因子,然后构建8-5-1的BP神经网络拓扑结构,应用粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值。结果表明:与传统BP神经网络相比,新模型优化了网络结构,避免了陷入局部最优解,具有良好的预测效果;模型的评价指标平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分误差、误差均方根分别为0.259 2、0.010 5和0.135 6,与单一BP神经网络相比,预测精度更高,可满足实际的土壤含水量预测的需要。     

PBAT生物降解地膜与加厚型塑料地膜降解性能及对番茄生长的影响

为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。     

Soluble Klotho protein suppresses THP-1-derived foam cell formation

AIMTo investigate the role of soluble Klotho protein in THP-1-derived foam cell formation. METHODSTHP-1 monocytes were induced into macrophages by treatment with 160 nmol/L phorbol myristate acetate for 48 h, and then were divided into 6 groups: negative control group (THP-1-derived macrophages), positive control group [THP-1-derived foam cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h], and 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L soluble Klotho protein groups (THP-1-derived macrophages pretreated with soluble Klotho protein at the indicat?ed concentraions for 2 h and then induced by ox-LDL for 48 h). Lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed by oil red O staining. The cholesterol outflow rate was detected by scintillation counting technique. The content of intracellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester was detected by enzyme fluorescence analysis. The expression of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 （ACAT1） and ATP-binding cassette transport?er A1 (ABCA1) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTSOil red O staining and lipid mass quantification showed that THP-1-derived foam cell formation was dose-dependently suppressed by soluble Klotho protein. The cholesterol efflux rate of THP-1-derived foam cells was increased by soluble Klotho protein in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, soluble Klotho protein decreased the expression of ACAT1 and increased the expression of ABCA1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The soluble Klotho protein inhibits THP-1-derived foam cell formation in a dose-dependent manner by down-regulating the expression of ACAT1 and up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.     

甜瓜嫩果皮颜色遗传规律研究

为探究甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传规律,以甜瓜嫩果皮颜色为深绿色的S26和青色的S28为亲本材料,通过构建BC1群体,利用卡方测验,分析回交群体BC1的深绿色嫩果皮和青色嫩果皮的分离比例,开展甜瓜嫩果皮的遗传规律分析,以对嫩果皮颜色基因进行初步定位。结果表明：BC1群体表型表现为深绿色和青色2种,且群体比例为1∶1,从而确定颜色性状为单基因控制且深绿色为显性性状。通过分离群体分组分析法（BSA）和混池测序结果可以看出,控制甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的基因位于chr04的端部位置,这为后续基因的精细定位以及克隆提供了研究基础。     

兰州百合多酚提取工艺优化研究

以多酚得率为优化指标,对兰州百合中多酚的提取工艺进行研究,通过单因素试验考查了溶剂类型、料液比、溶剂体积分数、超声功率、提取温度和提取液pH值对提取多酚得率的影响,在此基础上,为得到最优的兰州百合多酚提取条件,对乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取液pH值和超声功率4因素进行正交试验,结果得出兰州百合多酚提取最佳工艺参数组合为:乙醇浓度80%、提取温度40 ℃、提取pH值7、超声功率500 W,其多酚的萃取量为100.27 mg/g。