Evaluation of Commercial Fe(III)‐Chelates Using Different Methods

Abstract

A collaborative assay among three laboratories was made in order to compare both the ion (CEN. EN 13368‐2:2001 E. Determination of chelating agents in fertilizers by ion chromatography. Part 2: EDDHA and EDDHMA, 2001a) and the ion‐pair (Lucena, J.J.; Barak, P.; Hernandez‐Apaolaza, L. Isocratic ion‐pair high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of various iron(III) chelates. J. Chromatogr. A 1996, 727, 253–264) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods as well as the soluble and complexed Fe (CEN. EN 13366:2001 E. Treatment with a cation exchange resin for the determination of the chelated micronutrient content and of the chelated fraction of micronutrients, 2001b) methods. Fifteen and ten samples of commercial fertilizers of Fe‐EDDHA, Fe‐EDDHMA, respectively were analysed by three laboratories using these methods. No significant differences were observed between the results obtained for the Fe‐EDDHA content using the Lucena et al. or CEN method. The first method makes it possible to distinguish between the meso and DL‐racemic diasteroisomers of Fe‐o, o‐EDDHA. For the Fe‐EDDHMA formulations, the CEN method gives higher values than the ion‐pair method, since in the first one Fe‐EDDH4,6MA coelutes with FeEDDHMA. Also the CEN method does not makes it possible to distinguish between Fe‐EDDHMA and Fe‐EDDH5MA products. The variability among laboratories was larger for the CEN method than for the Lucena et al. method.     

A novel mutation of the CLCN1 gene associated with myotonia hereditaria in an Australian cattle dog

BACKGROUND: Heritable myotonia is a genetic muscle disorder characterized by slow relaxation of skeletal muscles. The main clinical signs are skeletal muscle stiffness, especially after vigorous contraction, and muscle hypertrophy. Muscle stiffness may be enhanced by inactivity, and often is relieved by exercise. Myotonia can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner (Thomsen- or Becker-type myotonia, respectively). In mice, goats, Miniature Schnauzer dogs, and most affected humans, the disorder is caused by mutations in CLCN1, which encodes the skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride channel, Cl1C-1. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that an Australian Cattle Dog with generalized muscle stiffness and hypertrophy examined at the Ontario Veterinary College would have a mutation in the CLCN1 gene. ANIMALS: A pure-bred Australian Cattle Dog from Ontario, Canada, was used. METHODS: Based on clinical signs and electromyographic test results, a diagnosis of myotonia hereditaria was made, and a muscle biopsy was collected for genetic analysis. RESULTS: Sequence data obtained from the affected dog confirmed that it was homozygous for a single base insertion in the CLCN1 coding sequence. This mutation would result in a truncated ClC-1 protein being expressed, which, based on molecular evidence from other studies, would result in functionally compromised chloride conduction in the skeletal muscles of the animal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To the authors' knowledge, this report describes the Ist case of myotonia in an Australian Cattle Dog and represents the 1st non-Schnauzer canine myotonia to be genetically characterized. In addition, we developed a polymerase chain reaction-based genetic screen to detect heterozygotes with this mutation in the at-large Australian Cattle Dog population.     

低能离子注入后小麦苗期损伤效应研究

以鉴54、豫农118及豫麦18号为材料,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着剂量率和剂量的增加小麦幼苗损伤程度逐渐加剧,具体表现在苗高降低、第一叶长变短。剂量率间差异显著,品种间有辐射敏感性差异。另外苗期还发现了一些变异,主要表现为主叶脉失绿和形态畸形。离子束诱变的合适剂量在6×1017ions/cm2以上。     

基于VOF模型的高温熔盐泵上端密封泄漏分析

为研究熔盐泵上端间隙密封的运行性能,基于SST k-ω湍流模型和VOF模型对熔盐泵上端密封结构性能进行计算,对不同扬程和不同介质条件下的泄漏量、扬程损失以及溢液腔内气液交界面形态进行分析.讨论扬程和介质条件对上端密封性能的影响,总结了关键变量和上端密封性能之间的相关关系.结果显示:泵扬程的增大会使泄漏量增加,如果扬程过大,黏性会对泄漏量产生显著影响;在相同扬程条件下,4种介质在间隙密封进出口的扬程损失差异均很小;间隙扬程损失随着泵扬程的增大而增加,3种泵扬程条件下间隙扬程损失都稍小于泵扬程;在溢液腔中,轴壁面高速旋转会使液体形成不规则的气液交界面和空腔;泵扬程的增大会抬高气液交界面的最高位置,使排液口内充液更多;在清水介质条件下,对该上端密封在不同扬程和流量的泵中下进行测试,在最高压力工况下熔盐泵仍保持稳定运行,未出现严重泄漏.     

不同叶顶间隙下斜流泵内部 流动特性的数值模拟

为研究轮缘叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能和流动不稳定特性的影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型对某斜流泵选取了0, 0.25, 1.00, 2.00 mm 4种尺寸的叶顶间隙进行数值计算,分析间隙区域内压差分布、泄漏量、叶顶泄漏涡旋强度以及进口轴面速度分布.结果表明:不同运行工况下,斜流泵泄漏量从叶轮进口到叶轮出口先增大后减小,其与间隙区内压差变化趋势相吻合.叶顶泄漏量随着间隙尺寸的增大而增大,导致泵的能量损失增大.经对比发现,间隙尺寸是影响叶顶泄漏量的主要因素.小流量工况下,随着叶顶间隙尺寸的增大,叶顶泄漏流与主流卷吸作用形成的泄漏涡强度逐渐增强.部分泄漏流进入相邻叶片通道,导致其流动失稳.随着叶顶间隙的增大,斜流泵能量损失明显增多,且内流不稳定性明显加剧.增大流量后,不同间隙下叶顶泄漏涡旋转强度均逐渐降低.     

基于二次正交旋转组合设计的西葫芦果实 贮前热处理条件的优化

为明确热水处理减轻西葫芦果实冷害的最佳处理条件,以“绿丰”西葫芦为材料,电解质外渗率y为冷害的表征指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究热处理温度x₁、热处理时间x₂对西葫芦果实表征函数影响,并经统计分析,建立数学模型。 结果表明,所得回归方程为y= 142.608 647-0.690 821x₂ + 0.051 444 x₁² + 0.007 499 x₂²,达到极显著水平,且无失拟因素存在;在热处理（43.3℃、28.4 min）的最佳工艺条件下,于（4±0.5）℃低温下胁迫10 d后西葫芦果实电解质外渗率实测值为33.41%,与理论值相对误差为0.95%,较未处理组降低了27.26%。该试验优化西葫芦果实冷害减轻的热处理工艺参数准确可靠、稳定、可行,为西葫芦采后贮藏技术与果蔬冷害防治的进一步研究提供了一定的技术依据。     

Dopamine modulates the physiological response of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Levels of glucose, lactate, pO₂, pCO₂, HCO₃⁻, TCO₂, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, protein, and oxyhemocyanin in the hemolymph and its osmolality and pH were measured when tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (13.5 ± 1.5 g body weight), were individually injected with saline or dopamine at 10^− 8, 10^− 7, or 10^− 6 mol shrimp^− 1. Results showed that hemolymph glucose, lactate, pCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and TCO₂ values increased from 2 to 4 h; hemolymph osmolality, Na⁺, and total protein had increased at 2 h; and hemolymph K⁺ decreased from 2 to 8 h after the dopamine injection. All physiological parameters returned to the control values 4–16 h after receiving dopamine. The dopamine injection also significantly decreased the oxyhemocyanin/protein ratio of P. monodon which occurred at 2 h, resulting from an elevation of hemolymph protein and a slight decrease of oxyhemocyanin. These results suggest that stress-inducing dopamine caused a transient period of modulation of energy metabolism, osmoregulation, respiration, and the acid–base balance in P. monodon in adapting to this environmental stress.     

2CMF-2型马铃薯施肥种植机

我国马铃薯传统的种植方法是切块种植,这给机械化带来一定困难.近年来,虽然有了初步定型的种植机,但性能指标并不理想,主要存在重播和漏播严重、株距不均等问题.为此,设计了2CMF-2型马铃薯施肥种植机,阐述了其设计原理和设计思想,介绍了其技术参数及结构特点,从而为马铃薯施肥种植机的研制提供参考依据.     

低能氮离子束对不同倍性水稻的诱变效应

对二倍体水稻和同源四倍体水稻进行了低能氮离子束注入处理并对其生物学效应进行了鉴定.结果表明,低能氮离子束注入处理后对同源四倍体水稻产生的生物学效应比对二倍体水稻的生物学效应更明显,前者比后者对低能氮离子束注入更敏感;6份同源四倍体水稻的平均变异频率为21.2%,而6份相应的二倍体水稻的平均变异频率为2.6%;通过对实验材料的鉴定和筛选,获得了一些具有一定特点的突变体(高结实率的同源四倍体水稻、具有双胚苗特性的同源四倍体水稻、具有红心米性状的二倍体水稻等).由此认为,利用低能离子束注入技术对同源四倍体水稻进行遗传改良的效果值得肯定.