锥栗总RNA提取方法比较及LFY基因克隆

锥栗总RNA的提取质量是后期锥栗空棚分子机理研究的关键。以锥栗花序为材料,采用2种植物RNA快速提取试剂盒、改良Trizol法和改良CTAB法提取锥栗总RNA,并采用多种方法检测提取出的总RNA的质量。结果表明:采用改良CTAB法获得的总RNA可明显看到28S和18S条带,且亮度比约为2∶1,DNA基本无残留,点样孔无杂质,OD260/OD280均接近2,而OD260/OD230均超过2,经逆转录可作为模板,获得LFY基因。改良后CTAB法最合适,所得的总RNA产量高、比较纯净、完整,可用于后续的逆转录并进行基因片段的扩增。     

'四季花'龙眼花序二次开花调控的初步研究

初步探讨了‘四季花’龙眼同一花序二次开花的调控技术,结果表明：结果母枝叶片颜色基本变为深绿色时喷施多效唑（PP333,可有效地克服‘四季花’龙眼花序二次开花,使花序开花整齐度达100%;同时还显著地增加了结果母枝的粗度和花穗的总花量、雌花数、每穗果数、单果重。研究初步解决了‘四季花’龙眼同一花序上果实发育大小差异显著的难题。各处理中以300 mg/L PP333为效果最佳。     

Effect of cold temperature durations of onion sets in store on the incidence of bolting,bulbing and seed yield

The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the School of Plant Sciences, University of Reading during 1996. The planting material comprised of sets (graded to 22.5 mm diameter) of two cultivars, Hygro and Delta. The sets were stored at 5 °C for nine chilling durations, between 10 and 90 days. A control treatment (sets stored at room temperature of 20 °C for days) was also included in the experiment for comparison. Sets of both cultivars treated for 90 days at 5 °C, produced nearly seven times more bolters than those treated for 20 days. Cool temperature treatment for 10 days was too short to induce bolting. Number of florets and percentage of seed bearing florets per umbel increased with lengthening cold durations and this resulted in higher seed yield per umbel. Mean bulb weight per plant was found to increase with shortening the period of low temperature treatment. For bulb crop, storage of sets at 20 °C for 90 days appears to be optimum, as it checked bolting and increased average bulb weight and bulb yields m⁻² in both cultivars.     

普通小麦及其近缘物种花序、小穗和小花的形态结构分析

花的发育影响着种子的发育。普通小麦是三大粮食作物之一,但对小麦花序发育的研究滞后于水稻和玉米。为揭示小麦花发育的机理,本研究采用体视镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察和组织切片后光学显微镜观察等方法,对普通小麦及其近缘物种一粒小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、粗山羊草、二粒小麦以及二穗短柄草的花序、小穗和小花形态结构进行了系统观察和分析比较。结果表明,普通小麦与二倍体小麦、二粒小麦表现出一定差别:普通小麦每个小穗形成8~10朵小花,但在发育后期,大多数小花退化不育,每个小穗只有3~4朵小花能够形成种子;二倍体小麦和二粒小麦的小穗结构与普通小麦类似,但每个小穗发育形成3~5朵小花,小花数目明显减少。与普通小麦相似,二穗短柄草每个小穗同样分化形成多朵小花,不同的是,二穗短柄草的大多数小花发育正常,是可育的。以上这些研究结果暗示小麦具有巨大的增产潜力。     

农杆菌敏感小麦基因型的筛选研究

基因型是影响农杆菌转化植物的主要因素之一,筛选对农杆菌敏感的小麦基因型对于进一步提高小麦转化效率具有重要意义.利用c58C1农杆菌菌系（含GUS基因）感染不同小麦品种的幼穗和幼胚,共培养后进行X-Gluc组织化学染色检测,以筛选对农杆菌敏感的小麦基因型.结果表明,83个小麦基因型的幼穗经农杆菌感染后,GUS基因表达率66.7%～82.8%,CA9924、北农49、西农2611、京冬11等基因型对农杆菌感染比较敏感,多数基因型对农杆菌感染不敏感.80个小麦基因型的幼胚经农杆菌感染后,GUS基因表达率在10.0%以上的基因型仅占3.8%,没有GUS基因表达的基因型多达71.3%,绝大多数基因型对农杆菌感染不敏感;当幼胚与农杆菌的共培养在滤纸上进行时,97H2169、轮选208、兰考906、扬麦6号等基因型对农杆菌感染非常敏感,GUS基因表达率达到50.0%～93.3%,没有GUS基因表达的基因型下降到36.8%.表明不同小麦基因型以及相同基因型的不同外植体对农杆菌的敏感性存在着显著差异,兰考906、扬麦6号、西农2611、京冬11等基因型是农杆菌转化小麦较为理想的受体材料;滤纸上共培养方式更有利于农杆菌对小麦外植体的侵染,GUS基因表达率平均比固体培养基共培养方式高16.6个百分点.     

小麦ramosa2基因的克隆与序列分析

为了研究ramosa2基因在小麦中的功能,以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L)中国春基因组为模板,玉米、高梁、水稻和大麦中ramosa2基因保守序列为参考设计引物,扩增到1条全长为771 bp的目的片段.序列分析表明,该核酸序列与高梁、玉米、水稻和大麦中ramosa2基因的同源性高达82.9%～95.2%;其预测编码的氨基酸序列与高粱、玉米、水稻和大麦ramosa2基因的氨基酸序列同源性达79.2%～95%.     

Phenological,morphological and functional indicators of genetic variability and their implication in the sexual reproductive system of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)

The floral biology of ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Mastoidis’ was studied for three consecutive years to elucidate the potential physiological and genetic controls of inflorescence architecture and phenology and to identify potential genotype-distinguishing characters that could be employed for morphological cultivar discrimination. The first open flowers were mainly observed at position I for ‘Koroneiki’ (83%) while they were mainly located at position II for ‘Mastoidis’ (40%) and ‘Kalamata’ (63%). The last open flowers were principally located at the apical position for ‘Koroneiki’ (46%) and ‘Kalamata’ (68%) and at position II for ‘Mastoidis’ (75%). Most of the first open flowers were perfect for ‘Koroneiki’ (89%) and ‘Mastoidis’ (97%) while lower percentages were observed in the last open flowers (67% and 80%, respectively). Higher percentages of perfect flowers were observed in ‘Mastoidis’ compared to ‘Koroneiki’ in both cases. The average flowering shoots of ‘Kalamata’ produced significantly more flowers (1523/m) compared to ‘Koroneiki’ (1139/m) and ‘Mastoidis’ (1044/m). The half of the flowers in ‘Mastoidis’ were located at position I while the 38% was located at position II and only the 12% at the apex. By contrast, approximately the 80% of flowers in ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Kalamata’ panicles was equally distributed at positions I and II, while the 18% and 19%, respectively, was located at the apex. A marked relationship was also observed between flower position in the panicle and flower gender.     

Reproductive organography of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd

Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. is of prime importance for horticulture, as well as potentially for pharmaceutical industries, agriculture and environmental industries. However, its floral development is not yet well understood. A detailed study on floral structure and floral organography in the species was first completed using microscopy of paraffin microtome sections of buds. The results were indicated as follows: first, the three trumped flowers in the cymose inflorescence develop asynchronously. Secondly, Varieties with multi-whorl bracts do not develop any sexual organs, i.e., perianth, pistil and stamens. Thirdly, the wall of the two-loculus anther consists of two kinds of cells: the inner wall, consisting of thick-cytoplasmed cells and the outer wall, consisting of fibrous cells. Fourthly, the pollen grains, with three germination colpi, vary substantially in the form and size in summer under the highest day temperature of 40 °C. Fifthly, the pistil is characterized with betalain-acumulating stylar brush. Followed the developmental course, only one basal ovule is developed in the superior ovary. Finally, organs of one flower develop consecutively from the outer to the inner, i.e., from bracts, to calyx, stamen, and carpel while the three flowers bloomed one by one in one cymose inflorescence. It almost takes 1 week from first bud to the third flower blooming. Our research showed a series of special characteristics of reproduction organography of B. spectabilis which can be useful for understanding its reproduction biology and its sterility.     

文心兰的茎尖及花梗组织培养和快速繁殖

文心兰茎尖和花梗用N6＋6－BA2.0mg/L培养基,花梗分化芽,茎尖同时分化芽和原球茎。6－BA低浓度促进分化芽,高浓度促进分化原球茎。1／2N6 6-BA0.2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 香蕉汁100g/L培养基对继代增殖和壮苗生根效率均好。在此继代增殖培养基中接入原球茎则增殖生成近等量的原球茎和芽;接入芽则增殖大量的芽,产生少量的原球茎。香蕉汗有促进增殖和壮苗的作用。