广西根结线虫病害的病原鉴定

从广西不同地区采集的28种植物根结线虫病的病原,按病原线虫的主要形态学特征和寄主反应的鉴定方法,对每种病原进行了分类鉴定。其中穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、蕹菜、胡萝卜,芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、莞荽(香菜)、苋苯、荷包豆、吉庆果、黄麻、黄穗鸡冠等根结线虫病的病原都是属南方根结线虫1号小种;风仙花、辣椒、蕹菜、番茄、独头鸡冠花、红穗鸡冠、罗汉果、黄麻、芹菜根结线虫有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫;甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;吉庆果、四季海棠、茄、棕竹、柳树的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫;罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根结线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种。发现二个新种:即水稻根结线虫病的病原是林氏根结线虫;柑桔根结线虫病的病原是孔氏根结线虫。     

外源硝态氮对菊芋耐海水胁迫的影响

A hydroponic experiment with six treatments, i.e., 0% seawater （control）, 10% seawater, 25% seawater, 0% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, 10% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaO3）, and 25% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen addition on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus） seedlings under seawater stress. The 10% seawater stress treatment had the least effect on plant growth while at 25% seawater growth was significantly inhibited. The malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in leaves under 10% seawater were similar to those of the control, but significantly higher under the 25% seawater stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the leaves increased concomitantly with increasing seawater concentration and time. Proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl- contents in shoots and roots increased significantly with the concentration of seawater increasing. Nitrogen addition resulted in increasing fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared with seawater treatment without N. Nitrogen supplementation also significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Addition of N to seawater enhanced the contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and K^＋ and total-N in the aerial parts and roots of H. tuberosus, but it resulted in declined concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots. Nitrogen addition ameliorated the toxicity of seawater by improving the antioxidative enzymes, accumulating of proiine and soluble-sugars, and altering the distribution of inorganic ions in H. tuberosus.     

甘肃省木本植物上的白粉菌

通过对甘肃农业大学树木病害实验室所藏甘肃木本植物上白粉菌标本的研究，鉴定出甘肃白粉菌新记录4种，它们是猪毛菜内丝白粉菌（Leveillula saxaouli（Sorok．） Golov）、胡桃球针壳（Phyllactinia juglandis Tao ＆ Qin）、隐蔽又丝单囊壳（Podosphaera clandestina （Wallr．） Lev．）、萨蒙球针壳（Phyllactinia salmonii Blum．）；记录了锦鸡儿柬丝壳（Trichocladia sp．）和刺槐白粉菌（Erysip比sp．）2个未知种；国内寄主新记录1个，为小叶柳（Salix hypoleuca Seem）。描述了病害的症状、病原形态、寄主植物、采集日期和采集地点。     

玉米灰斑病菌致病性分化研究

从我国玉米品种资源中首次成功筛选出9个具有广泛血缘代表性的自交系,即沈137,78599-1,Mo17,478,C8605-2,E28,598,Va35,K12,作为玉米灰斑病菌的生理分化鉴别寄主;8个主栽品种,即沈试29,沈试31,铁单9,掖单13,丹413,丹玉18,沈农87,东单54,作为辅助鉴别寄主,从而确定了玉米灰斑病菌生理分化鉴别寄主体系。采用田间成株期鉴定,高粱粒灌心法进行接种,根据在鉴别寄主上的发病等级,将采自北方玉米主产区的23个玉米灰斑病菌菌株划分成5个致病类型。研究表明,我国玉米灰斑病菌存在一定程度的致病性分化,通过病级评价可将23个玉米灰斑病菌菌株分成5个致病类型,其中致病类型I为强致病类型,致病类型IV为弱致病类型,Ⅱ,Ⅲ2组致病类型介于两者之间,而致病类型V属于不确定类型。研究结果为我国玉米品种抗性鉴定、灰斑病流行监测和品种合理布局提供了理论依据。     

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Two Euschistus spp. Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Farmscapes

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are ubiquitous, cryptic, phytophagous pests that are found in many crops. In agroecosystems, individuals disperse from adjacent noncrop hosts and tend to aggregate or cluster within fields. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) over 2 yr at three southeastern United States farmscapes. Stink bugs were captured in pheromone-baited traps, and Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) used to identify the location of significant aggregations by habitat type and season. Euschistus servus adults were more likely to be captured in pecan orchards, cotton, other crops, or unmanaged habitats than in woodland habitats. Significant aggregations of E. servus were detected in a variety of habitats including pecan, corn, cotton, peanut, and tobacco, as well as fallow and hay fields, pastures, and hedgerows. Fewer adult E. tristigmus were captured than E. servus adults, and E. tristigmus adults were typically trapped and aggregated in woodland habitats. The resulting data provide an important understanding regarding the seasonal movement and relative abundance levels of stink bug populations, which are critical to the development of integrated pest management strategies.     

中国马铃薯上几种纽带亚科线虫记述(Ⅱ)

2001~2004年,对中国16个省(直辖市、自治区)部分地区的马铃薯线虫进行了采样调查,并分离鉴定出7个纽带亚科线虫,其中6个是马铃薯上的新记录种。笔者对其中4个种:松树拟盘旋线虫(Pararotylen-chus piniMamiya,1968)、假强壮螺旋线虫[Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus(Steiner,1914)Golden,1956]、双宫螺旋线虫[H.dihystera(Cobb,1890)Sher,1961]和明茨螺旋线虫(H.minziSher,1966)的形态进行了描述。     

花椒窄吉丁对寄主果实挥发物的触角电位及行为反应

使用触角电位仪测定花椒窄吉丁两性成虫对10种寄主果实挥发物的触角电位（EAG）反应,使用Y型嗅觉计测定其对8种强烈EAG反应的挥发物的行为反应。结果表明:1）寄主果实的10种挥发物均可引起花椒窄吉丁不同程度的EAG反应,100 μg·μL^-1时胡椒酮和正葵醛分别引起雌虫和雄虫最大的EAG反应绝对值,d-柠檬烯、月桂烯在100 μg·μL^-1时引起雄虫最大的EAG反应绝对值;然而在10 μg·μL^-1时引起雌虫的EAG反应绝对值最大。10种挥发物中,花椒窄吉丁对（±）-α-乙酸松油酯和罗勒烯的EAG反应相对较弱。2）配对T检验发现仅反式-2-己烯醛对两性成虫的EAG反应存在极显著的性别差异(P＜0.01),而所测的其他挥发物对两性成虫的EAG反应不存在性别差异(P＞0.05)。3）1~100 μg·μL^-1的芳樟醇对雄虫驱避显著,10~100 μg·μL^-1的正葵醛对两性成虫均驱避显著,1~10 μg·μL^-1的胡椒酮、10~100 μg·μL^-1的γ-松油烯对雌虫驱避显著(P＜0.05),10~100 μg·μL^-1的月桂烯、0.1~1 μg·μL^-1的d-柠檬烯对雄虫引诱显著。雄虫对1~100 μg·μL^-1的反式-2-己烯醛驱避反应显著;雌虫仅对10 μg·μL^-1的反式-2-己烯醛驱避反应显著,反式-2-己烯-1-醇在0.1~1 μg·μL^-1时对雌虫驱避显著;但在10~100 μg·μL^-1时对雌虫引诱显著。说明一定浓度的月桂烯、d-柠檬烯、反式-2-己烯-1-醇对花椒窄吉丁具有引诱作用,一定浓度的芳樟醇、正葵醛、胡椒酮、γ-松油烯、反式-2-己烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇对花椒窄吉丁具有驱避作用,可作为引诱剂或驱虫剂成分进一步开发利用。     

南美斑潜蝇对不同茄子品种的选择性及其机理的研究

采用自由选择法测定了南美斑潜蝇对茄子不同品种的选择性.结果表明,南美斑潜蝇选择性最强的茄子品种为星技紫龙,其对星技紫龙的选择性与对短把黑圆茄、蒙茄4号、湘早茄、黑又亮808等品种的选择性存在显著差异,而与万吨早茄、快圆茄、呼茄2号、茄杂之号、紫红茄等品种差异不显著.测定结果表明,茄子不同品种间的叶毛数、可溶性蛋白质及糖含量存在显著差异.相关分析表明,南美斑潜蝇对茄子品种的寄主选择性与其叶毛数存在显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.7712（p=0.0054）,而与叶片的蛋白质及可溶性糖含量相关关系不显著.     

寄主植物对青花菜上桃蚜试验种群的影响

研究了桃蚜对10种寄主植物的选择性以及青花菜、小白菜、油麦菜对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,并以作用因子组建3种寄主上桃蚜试验种群生命表.结果表明,芥菜、结球甘蓝、小白菜和青花莱为桃蚜的嗜好寄主;桃蚜在油麦菜上的发育历期较长,而产仔量较少;小白菜、青花菜上桃蚜种群趋势指数较大,分别为27.82和26.63,较适合桃蚜种群增长,油麦菜上桃蚜种群趋势指教较小,为16.82,对桃蚜种群增长有一定的抑制作用.