Preparation of Chitosan Nanocompositeswith a Macroporous Structure by Unidirectional Freezing and Subsequent Freeze-Drying

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide that consists of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose through a β (1→4) linkage and is found in nature as the supporting material of crustaceans, insects, etc. Chitosan has been strongly recommended as a suitable functional material because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and adsorption properties. Boosting all these excellent properties to obtain unprecedented performances requires the core competences of materials chemists to design and develop novel processing strategies that ultimately allow tailoring the structure and/or the composition of the resulting chitosan-based materials. For instance, the preparation of macroporous materials is challenging in catalysis, biocatalysis and biomedicine, because the resulting materials will offer a desirable combination of high internal reactive surface area and straightforward molecular transport through broad “highways” leading to such a surface. Moreover, chitosan-based composites made of two or more distinct components will produce structural or functional properties not present in materials composed of one single component. Our group has been working lately on cryogenic processes based on the unidirectional freezing of water slurries and/or hydrogels, the subsequent freeze-drying of which produce macroporous materials with a well-patterned structure. We have applied this process to different gels and colloidal suspensions of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. In this review, we will describe the application of the process to chitosan solutions and gels typically containing a second component (e.g., metal and ceramic nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes) for the formation of chitosan nanocomposites with a macroporous structure. We will also discuss the role played by this tailored composition and structure in the ultimate performance of these materials.     

脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分及对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性

利用高速逆流色谱对脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分进行分离和纯化,获得了一种新的单取代的长碳链脂溶性儿茶素表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯,并对其分子结构进行了元素分析、IR、MS和1H-NMR等表征。药理学实验考察并比较了脂溶性的表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯、水溶性的绿茶多酚和脂溶性茶多酚对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性。结果表明,单取代的EGCG棕榈酸酯的活性比脂溶性茶多酚强,而与绿茶多酚相当。     

浅谈种业公司在北部高寒区域大豆种子营销战略

从营销模式、营销战术、品牌效应和人力资源四个方面探讨在种子行业激烈竞争中农科种业公司营销的理念、战略与战术.对构建北部高寒大豆种业集团提出看法.     

Acceptability of wheat-sorghum composite flour products: An assessment

The acceptability of sorghum as human food has been a problem in Tanzania even in regions showing promising potential for its production and utilization. Reasons given for low acceptability of sorghum products as human foods include unpleasant colour, aroma, mouthfeel, taste, unpleasant aftertaste and stomachfeel. An acceptability test of selected sorghum products was, therefore, conducted in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. The objective of the test was to determine consumers' preference for the following wheat-sorghum composite flour products: bread and buns or maandazi. The products were prepared using sorghum flour composited with wheat flour in the following proportions: 100% brown sorghum flour (standard products); and 80:20%; 60:40%; 40:60% and 20:80% for wheat/sorghum (white and brown) composite flours. Results indicated that in the case of composite flour bread, preference for the product improved as the amount of sorghum flour decreased. In the case of buns or maandazi the 100% sorghum flour products of both white and brown were equally preferred. Buns prepared from 100% sorghum flour of white and brown varieties showed promising potential in the improvement of the acceptability of sorghum products. Taking advantage of such products, especially in villages, could enhance sorghum utilization in rural communities.     

猪多能干细胞建系的培养条件及其分子调控网络研究

多能干细胞(pluripotent stem cells,PSCs)作为一类重要的细胞资源,成为目前国内外的研究热点,获得这类细胞在当今医学研究和生物技术的发展及应用中具有重要的意义。猪(Sus scrofa)由于其生理结构和代谢特征与人(Homo sapiens)较为相似,成为动物多能干细胞建系的重点研究对象。然而目前,猪多能干细胞建系工作仍存在很多难题。本文将从猪多能干细胞建系研究的进展和存在的问题入手,对照小鼠(Mus musculus)和人相关研究的成功经验,总结目前已经报道的猪多能干细胞的培养条件、调控因子、信号通路和基因表达特征,以期为建立猪胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞系提供参考。     

PR结构域蛋白1(PRDM1)慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)向生殖细胞诱导分化的影响

PR结构域蛋白1基因(PR domain containing 1,with ZNF domain,PRDM1)作为原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell,PGC)形成过程中的一个重要起始因子,在胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)向PGC的发育分化过程中发挥重要作用。为了研究其在成体干细胞诱导分化中的作用,本研究PCR克隆获得小鼠(Mus musculus)PRDM1基因(GenBank登录号:JX154081.1),构建了PRDM1慢病毒表达载体pCDH-PRDM1,通过293T细胞包装病毒,用携带有PRDM1基因的病毒颗粒转导脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell,hUC-MSC)。结果表明,PRDM1基因成功在hUC-MSC中超表达;PRDM1基因能引起生殖相关基因胚胎特定时期抗原-1(stage-specific embryonic antigen-1,SSEA-1)、多能性相关蛋白3(developmental pluripotency associated 3 Dppa3,STELLA)、干细胞生长因子受体(stem cell growth factor receptor,C-KIT)和性别决定基因-同源盒2(sex determining region Y-box 2,SOX2)的上调,为进一步研究该基因的功能和提高干细胞向生殖细胞诱导分化研究奠定了一定的基础,并且为hUCMSC向生殖细胞的诱导分化提供了一个新的思路。     

绒山羊成纤维细胞生长因子5基因(FGF5)毛囊特异性表达载体的构建及转染胎儿成纤维细胞

绒山羊的绒毛品质、产量与皮肤毛囊的生长发育密切相关。本研究旨在构建绒山羊(Capra hircus)成纤维细胞生长因子5基因(fibroblast growth factor 5,FGF5)的毛囊特异性表达载体,并证明其表达的有效性。分别以绒山羊基因组和c DNA为模板,利用PCR方法克隆角蛋白关联蛋白6-1(keratin associated protein 6-1,KAP6-1)基因的启动子和FGF5基因的编码区序列(coding sequence,CDS),并将这两个元件连接到去除CMV启动子的真核表达载体p EGFP-N1上,FGF5与增强绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)基因表达框之间以猪捷申病毒(Porcine teschovirus,PTV)2A(P2A)相连,构建毛囊特异性表达载体p EGFP-N1-KF。表达载体转染绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞后,对细胞表达产物进行q RT-PCR和Western blot检测。酶切鉴定结果表明,载体p EGFP-N1-KF构建成功;q RT-PCR结果表明,FGF5正常表达;Western blot结果显示,P2A能够有效剪切FGF5和EGFP融合蛋白。表明成功得到了绒山羊FGF5基因的毛囊特异性表达载体并在绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中能正常表达。本实验为进一步研究绒山羊FGF5基因在毛囊发育和周期调控中的作用提供了技术支持。     

精原干细胞的研究进展

精原干细胞（spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs）指位于曲精细管基膜上的一类原始精原细胞,近年来因其在生产转基因动物方面有广阔的应用前景,受到了极大的关注。在胚胎发育前期,一小部分细胞分化形成原始生殖细胞（primordial germ cells,PGCs）,并迁移至生殖嵴,PGCs随后增殖分化形成生殖母细胞并迁移至睾丸基底膜,随着雄性动物出生,生殖母细胞迁移至细精管并转化成SSCs。本文概述了近年来SSCs的研究进展,主要包括SSCs的分离、鉴定、体外培养体系以及SSCs诱导精子。此外,本文重点阐述了SSCs的研究前景。     

Clinical,histological and immunophenotypic findings in a mare with a mammary lymphoma associated with anaemia and pruritus

An 18‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare presented with an 18 week history of dermatological lesions characterised by recurrent urticaria and recent signs of enlarged mammary glands, pyrexia, alopecia and intense pruritus. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses revealed anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Mammary discharge was evaluated and revealed neutrophilia. Cytological examinations of fine needle aspirates from the parotid lymph nodes were normal. Common causes of anaemia were ruled out by specific tests. The initial diagnosis was mastitis and 2 weeks later the animal returned to the hospital with worsening of clinical signs, intermittent fever, intense pruritus and generalised alopecia. Blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses, and the mammary gland and parotid lymph nodes were biopsied. Rectal palpation revealed a large irregular mass near the left kidney with adhesions of surrounding structures. The animal died before the laboratory results were ready. This report details the clinical, histological and immunophenotypic findings of a case of large lymphoma in a mare.