基于寒害过程的福建芒果种植气候风险区划

通过冬季寒害灾情调查、果园定位观测、地理移置和人工气候箱低温致灾试验4种渠道,收集芒果寒害的灾情样本39例,从而确定芒果寒害临界温度为2.0℃。在此基础上,筛选出福建芒果主产县市2001-2014年冬季28个寒害过程,通过将寒害过程温度、降水等气象因子与相对气象产量进行相关分析,确定芒果寒害致灾因子为过程极端最低气温、日最低气温≤2.0℃有害积寒、≤2.0℃寒害过程持续日数、≤2.0℃寒害过程降温幅度。利用主成分分析对4个致灾因子进行综合简化,得到芒果寒害评价的综合气候指标,结合相对气象产量确定了指标分级。根据寒害综合气候指标等级,应用GIS方法完成福建省芒果寒害种植气候风险区划,无寒害-轻度寒害的区域主要分布在沿海地区,是引种芒果优质品种寒害风险最低的区域。     

农业环境保护中的酸雨监测技术

酸雨伤害植物的监测技术包括对植物叶片表观伤害监测与生理伤害监测,后者选择的参数主要有植物光合速率、气孔导度、细胞质膜透性、叶绿素含量消长、细胞pH变化、活性氧防御系统的应激反应等。本文在介绍测定方法同时,比较分析了各种方法的优点与不足,探讨了酸雨监测技术在农业环境监测、环境评价、酸沉降区域农业区划与环境保护中的作用,指出今后研究应重视完善监测体系和拓展监测对象。     

作物对盐分的吸收及其盐害的预测预报

通过温室和田间试验,研究小麦和甜菜在盐胁迫下的生长及其对盐分的吸收。结果表明,小麦耐热略低于甜菜,Ｎａ＾＋抑制小麦和甜菜对Ｋ＾＋和Ｃａ＾２＋的吸收,小麦和甜菜的相对干物质重与土壤含盐量的关系符合Ｍａａｓ－Ｈｏｆｆｍａｎ模型,小麦和甜菜叶Ｎａ＾＋含量与土壤含盐量呈显著正相关,且与干物质重的关系也符合Ｍａａｓ－Ｈｏｆｆｍａｎ模型,文中提出了利用作物叶的Ｎａ＾＋含量与相对干物质重之间的Ｍａａｓ－Ｈｏｆｆ     

2013年滇西石斛寒害情况调查

报道2013年冬云南滇西7个县(市)人工栽培石斛寒害灾情和灾后恢复情况;调查发现,不同石斛种抗寒性有很大差异,尖刀唇石斛、报春石斛、铁皮石斛寒害率较低,抗寒性强,而晶帽石斛、兜唇石斛、齿瓣石斛寒害率较高,抗寒性明显较弱。     

烟粉虱经济阈值的研究

研究了烟粉虱在黄瓜上的经济损害水平和经济阈值。黄瓜幼苗4叶期时,烟粉虱的经济损害水平为9.3159％;烟粉虱的经济阈值为每株黄瓜有烟粉虱成虫18．4474头,即平均每片黄瓜叶有成虫4．6119头。     

柑桔冻害情况调查及其分析

本文据实地调查报道了江西省1991年冬柑枯冻害的天气状况和冻害面积、程度、损失等,并分析了致冻天气、冻害症状、冻害因素等特点,为进一步研究柑桔冻害规律,避免或预防冻害,促进柑桔生产稳定发展提供理论依据。     

Effect of DADLE on lung injury in rats with acute global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

AIM：To observe the effects of δ opioid receptor agonist DADLE on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by acute global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS：SD rats (n=30) were randomly divided into sham group, model (I/R) group and DADLE treatment group. Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by a modified 2-vessel occlusion plus hypotension. DADLE (5 mg/kg) treatment was performed via the left jugular injection before reperfusion. After 120-min reperfusion, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were detected. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was also measured. RESULTS：In I/R group, widened alveolar septum, capillary dilatation and congestion, endovascular and perivascular cells in the lung with neutrophil infiltration, and significantly reduced type II epithelial cell surface microvilli, alveolar lumen cavity and trachea with serous exudate were observed. SOD activity decreased, but the MDA level increased. Compared with I/R group, the SOD activity increased and MDA level decreased in DADLE treatment group, with significantly reduced lung congestion, the degree of lung injury, and the infiltration of neutrophils. Compared with I/R group, the PaO2 and oxygenation index in DADLE treatment group were increased. CONCLUSION：Various degrees of pulmonary injury were observed in acute global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model. DADLE might have a protective effect on lung tissues of ALI in rats.     

Progress on role of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is an extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein consisting of 381 amino-acid residues, which has the regulatory function for a multitude of cellular responses. The pleiotropic effects of CCN1 on the initiation and resolution of inflammation as well as oncogenesis and development of tumor were reported. According to the numerous data from experimental and clinical studies, this article provides an overview on CCN1 and summarizes the latest understanding of the role of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases.     

长春市主要绿化树种适应低温冻害能力的调查与分析

以长春市部分绿地的主要园林绿化树种为对象,对其适应低温冻害的能力进行了调查与分析,结果表明:在2009～2010年冬春季节持续低温作用下,12种外来树种中未遭受冻害的有青杄等7种,占58.3%;油松、丹东桧柏、大径级垂榆、京桃、刺槐普遍遭受冻害,都有死亡植株发生,其中大径级垂榆冻死率高达63.6%。低温累积效应是导致树木遭受冻害的主要因素,种间的遗传差异亦是因素之一。乡土野生树种无冻害相发生。