甘蔗汁对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]通过建立大鼠酒精性肝损伤病理模型,探讨甘蔗汁对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。[方法]取大鼠40只随机分为4组,正常组、低剂量组、高剂组量和模型组。采用白酒灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精性肝病模式,给予甘蔗汁进行保护。测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量,并取肝组织制作石蜡切片,HE染色,普通光镜观察。[结果]甘蔗汁能够直接提高SOD活性、降低MDA含量,且低剂量（7.5 m l/kg）和高剂量（15 m l/kg）能够有效清除活性氧和自由基,明显改善肝组织脂肪样变。[结论]甘蔗汁能抑制酒精诱导脂质过氧化反应对肝组织的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

杭州地区蓝莓上金龟子的发生与防治

金龟子是为害蓝莓果实生产和扦插繁殖的主要害虫,对杭州地区蓝莓上的金龟子调查发现,金龟子发生种类主要为铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky)、东南大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia sauteri Moser)和暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky);3种金龟子在杭州地区1年均发生1代,成虫在4月初开始出现,盛发期为5月下旬至7月中旬。成虫通过取食叶片、花、果实给蓝莓果实生产和扦插繁殖造成危害。通过合理建园、春耕翻土、人工捕杀、设置防虫网,与化学防治相结合,进行综合防治,可获得较好的防治效果。     

黄瓜种子萌芽期及嫁接砧木幼苗期耐盐力评价

【目的】进行黄瓜不同基因型和嫁接砧木耐盐性的筛选。【方法】对20个黄瓜品种种子萌发期和22个嫁接砧木幼苗期的耐盐力进行鉴定，对黄瓜种子相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数等耐盐力指标和嫁接砧木的盐害指数进行聚类分析。【结果】20个黄瓜品种中，早多佳、华早2号、中农8号、津育1号、津优3号为耐盐力强的黄瓜品种，津冠1号、许优1号 、津春5号、津春4号、东方明珠、湘早3号、特早1号、津优1号为中等耐盐黄瓜品种，白皮黄瓜、宁丰8号、美农4号、津春3号、津杂4号、津杂2号、津春2号为耐盐力弱的黄瓜品种；22个嫁接砧木中，可分为二大类，其中，春白玉西葫芦、早青一代西葫芦、铁将军F1南瓜、极早秀玉西葫芦为耐盐力弱的品种，其它为耐盐力强的品种。耐盐力强的砧木品种可分为3个亚类，孝感瓠瓜、同心瓠瓜、汉龙碧玉瓠瓜、超丰8848瓠瓜耐盐力很强，黑籽南瓜耐盐力强，其它13个品种耐盐力较强。【结论】黄瓜不同基因型和嫁接砧木的耐盐性具有较大差异，在黄瓜种子萌发期和嫁接砧木苗期可对其耐盐性进行快速鉴定。     

抽穗期高温对水稻产量构成要素和稻米品质的影响及其基因型差异

田间条件下,采用远红外增温设施,在水稻抽穗期对6个品种进行高温(40℃)处理,以探讨全球气候变暖情况下,极端高温对水稻产量构成要素和稻米品质的影响及其基因型差异。结果显示:水稻抽穗期高温会显著降低水稻结实率,高温处理下6个水稻品种的结实率平均比常温对照下降25个百分点以上,但对穗粒数和千粒重影响不显著;高温也显著(P<0.05)降低稻米的整精米率,提高稻米的垩白率和垩白度,但对糙米率影响不显著。尽管各品种对高温的响应表现出显著的基因型差异,但是高温对所有品种的产量和品质均产生了严重影响。因此,培育耐热品种是解决热害的技术途径之一,但近期内,关键在于进行种植制度调整与栽培技术创新,以提高植株生态避热和生理抗热能力。     

芹菜素对LPS诱导小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

[目的]揭示芹菜素的抗炎作用机制.[方法]通过建立小鼠模型,研究芹菜素对LPS诱导急性肺损伤的保护作用.[结果]芹菜素可以降低LPS诱导的肺组织损伤和肺组织MPO活性.与LPS组相比,芹菜素治疗组可以显著降低肺泡盥洗液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达水平,并抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活.[结论]芹菜素可以通过抑制NF-κB的激活并降低炎性细胞因子的水平,从而对小鼠急性肺损伤产生抗炎保护作用.     

蝉蜕水提物对小鼠D-氨基半乳糖急性肝损伤的保护作用

探讨不同浓度蝉蜕水提取物对小鼠D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)急性肝损伤的保护作用。将60只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、D-GalN模型组(模型组)、联苯双酯滴丸组、蝉蜕水提取物低、中、高3个剂量组,共6组。每组小鼠均按每千克体重剂量灌胃给药,连续给药13 d,末次给药12 h后,按600 mg/kg腹腔注射10%D-GalN诱导急性肝损伤模型。造模24 h后,计算小鼠肝指数,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性及心肌组织、肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝脏指数及血清ALT、AST活性升高(P0.01),肝脏、心肌组织中SOD活性降低,MDA含量增高(P0.01),肝组织炎症坏死广泛。与模型组比较,蝉蜕水提取物的低、中、高剂量组及联苯双酯组小鼠肝脏指数及血清ALT、AST活性降低(P0.01或P0.05),肝脏、心肌组织中SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低(P0.01或P0.05),肝组织损伤程度显著改善。蝉蜕水提取物对D-GalN诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

A Syndrome Resembling Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in 4 Young Doberman Pinschers

We describe 4 young male Doberman Pinschers (3 littermates and 1 unrelated dog) with a syndrome resembling idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension of humans. Each dog was evaluated for a hepatopathy resulting in portal hypertension, development of portosystemic collateral vessels, and hepatic encephalopathy. These dogs differ from previous reports of young dogs with hepatic insufficiency associated with portal hypertension and acquired portal systemic shunting by their lack of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulae, portal vein atresia, or intrahepatic fibrosis. Clinicopathologic features included erythrocyte microcytosis, normal to mildly increased liver enzyme activities, increased concentrations of serum bile acids, reduced plasma indocyanine green clearance, and normal total bilirubin concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography disclosed a small liver and portosystemic collateral vessels. Radiographic imaging studies confirmed hepatofugal portal circulation and discounted hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Histopathologic features in liver tissue from each dog were similar and consistent in all sections examined. Common findings included increased cross-sectional views of hepatic arterioles; hepatic lobular atrophy; scanty increase in connective tissue around some large portal triads; and absence of inflammation, disturbed lobular architecture, bile duct proliferation, or intrahepatic cholestasis.     

赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿冻害及其防御技术

敖汉苜蓿在赤峰地区受冻害程度有4种类型;全株未受冻;根颈上端受冻受黑,下端仍能再生新芽;全部根颈和根的部分受冻变黑,已不能再生新芽;全株受冻死亡。引起冻害的主要原因是播种期偏晚,在播种当年生长期短,根颈入土浅。结果表明,越冬前苜蓿必须具有2个以上分枝,根颈入土深>5cm以上,根颈膨大,直径>0.3cm以上者方能减轻或避免受冻。适时早播,施种肥,延长生长期促进幼苗生长,在封冻前对平作进行浅耕覆土或深开沟磨平等措施,均能增加根颈保温层,有效提高苜蓿越冬率。