Changes in evapotranspiration over irrigated winter wheat and maize in North China Plain over three decades

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water cycle at field, regional and global scales. This study used measured data from a 30-year irrigation experiment (1979-2009) in the North China Plain (NCP) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) to analyze the impacts of climatic factors and crop yield on ET. The results showed that grass reference evapotranspiration (ET_o, calculated by FAO Penmen-Monteith method) was relatively constant from 1979 to 2009. However, the actual seasonal ET of winter wheat and maize under well-watered condition gradually increased from the 1980s to the 2000s. The mean seasonal ET was 401.4 mm, 417.3 mm and 458.6 mm for winter wheat, and 375.7 mm, 381.1 mm and 396.2 mm for maize in 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, respectively. The crop coefficient (K_c) was not constant and changed with the yield of the crops. The seasonal average K_c of winter wheat was 0.75 in the 1980s, 0.81 in the 1990s and 0.85 in the 2000s, and the corresponding average grain yield (GY) was 4790 kg ha⁻¹, 5501 kg ha⁻¹ and 6685 kg ha⁻¹. The average K_c of maize was 0.88 in the 1980s, 0.88 in the 1990s and 0.94 in the 2000s, with a GY of 5054 kg ha⁻¹, 7041 kg ha⁻¹ and 7874 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, for the three decades. The increase in ET was not in proportion to the increase in GY, resulting improved water use efficiency (WUE). The increase in ET was possibly related to the increase in leaf stomatal conductance with renewing in cultivars. The less increase in water use with more increase in grain production could be partly attributed to the significant increase in harvest index. The results showed that with new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use.     

超甜1号玉米适宜采收期的确定及采后保鲜技术研究

通过测定甜玉米鲜果穗水分及糖分含量,探讨甜玉米适采期及采后保鲜技术。结果表明:甜玉米的适采期为授粉后18～21d,包装方式和贮藏温度对鲜棒采后品质影响很大,最好采用真空包装后低温贮藏,以延长保鲜时间。     

小麦生物产量、收获指数与产量关系的研究

利用11个小麦新品种(系),对生物产量、收获指数与籽粒产量的关系进行了研究。结果表明,生物产量与籽粒产量的表型和遗传正相关均达极显著水平,收获指数与籽粒产量的表型正相关也达极显著水平。生物产量的遗传潜力及与籽粒产量的密切程度均大于收获指数,说明进一步提高产量的途径应是维持现有收获指数水平,主要通过提高生物产量,协调提高二者之间的关系来实现。     

直干桉薪炭林萌发试验研究

对玉溪市直干桉薪炭林进行不同伐桩高度，不同砍伐方式，不同季节砍伐的试验研究表明，在玉溪地区经营直干桉薪炭林，砍伐可以提高薪炭林的产薪量，砍伐过的林分产量比对照提高１２．６倍，最高可达１６．９倍；伐桩高度在３０ｃｍ最好，砍伐方式以刀砍为主，伐后的产薪量也比锯的稍好；冬季砍伐比春季砍伐效果明显，平均树高可提高４８％，最大为５６％；采伐季节在林木休眠后，萌动前进行。该研究对指导玉溪地区经营桉类薪炭林具有重要意义。     

采收期对阿克苏地区灰枣cAMP含量的影响研究

[目的]研究测定灰枣cAMP含量的新方法及灰枣采收期对其cAMP含量的影响.[方法]以阿克苏地区灰枣为研究对象,建立了HPLC法测定灰枣中cAMP含量的定量测定方法,并对不同采收时期的灰枣及其制干产品的cAMP含量进行了测定.[结果]试验表明,HPLC测定cAMP含量的色谱条件为:选用Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱(4.6 ×250 ×5 μm)、以10％甲醇-90％的浓度为0.167 8％甲酸溶液为流动相、柱温30℃、流速0.8 ml/min、检测波长254nm测定灰枣中的cAMP含量,cAMP浓度在1.0～100.0 μg/ml范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,R2=0.9990,且其精密性高、重现性好、加标回收率高(＞98％,RSD值为1.38％).灰枣采收时期对鲜枣及其制干产品的cAMP含量有显著影响(达到0.01显著水平).[结论]阿克苏地区灰枣在10月24日至10月31日期间采收,有利于保持较高的cAMP含量,此期采收的鲜灰枣及其干枣的cAMP含量分别为75.237和294.097μg/g左右.研究可为新疆阿克苏地区红枣产业化发展提供科学参考.     

上部叶不同采收成熟度对吉林烟区烤烟质量的影响

[目的]针对吉林烟区的气候条件与生产实际,开展上部烟成熟度研究.[方法]通过田间试验,研究了吉林烟区烤烟上部叶不同采收成熟度对烟叶质量的影响.[结果]试验表明,烤烟上部叶外观质量、经济性状与采收时间呈正相关关系,烟叶鲜干比、烟叶收缩率同采收时间呈负相关关系.化学成分和感官评吸质量方面,以8～9成黄采收处理表现最好.[结论]研究可为进一步提高吉林烟区上部烟叶的工业可用性、满足卷烟工业企业品牌配方需要提供参考.     

On the Variability of Harvest Indices

The harvest index Z is defined, for example for cereals, as the ratio between grain yield X and biological yield Y: Z = X/Y. For many purposes the variance of Z is of major interest. In this paper several approximations for this variance are derived and their accuracy was investigated. These explicit formulae depend on some characteristics (means, variances or coefficients of variation, covariances or correlations) of the component variables grain yield X and biological yield Y. It is shown that for most practical applications the approximation v²z = v²x + v²y - 2rv_xv_y provides a sufficient accuracy for numerical calculations (v_x v_y and v_z are the coefficients of variation for grain yield X, biological yield Y and harvest index Z and r denotes the correlation coefficient between X and Y). Some conclusions on the relations between v_x, v_y and v_z are derived.
Finally, all the theoretical investigations and results are demonstrated and applied to a numerical example of winter-rapeseed data.     

雷公山雉类猎捕状况调查报告

本文对雷公山地区的２５个村寨、６９位猎人自１９８９～１９９３年４年来的雉类猎捕状况作了调查统计，面积４７３ｋｍ２。结果表明：４年来雉类猎捕方法有８种，猎捕量计７３２只，年平均１８３只，平均狩猎强度为３．９５只／（人·ａ），均逐年下降，这对该地区雉类资源的现状和今后的保护提供了依据。     

西瓜优良新品种"齐丰宝"的选育报告

西瓜优良品种"齐丰宝"是齐齐哈尔市园艺研究所用多年培育和最新引进的优良性状突出的亲本材料进行杂交,经过5年试验示范选育而成.并于2002年通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定,已进入推广应用阶段.