果桑大棚栽培试验调查

采用大棚覆膜栽培,桑果可提早13～20天成熟,使果型增大、大小均匀,达到增产、增效;并延长了桑果供应期,同时使大蚕期错开果桑旺采期,还可利用大棚养蚕.     

利用动态规划设计温室前屋面最佳形状的研究

用动态规划方法进行温室的最佳前屋面形状设计表明，采用总进光量最大作为规划目标，建立了动态规划求解模型，并对沈阳地区跨度为６０ｍ、脊高为２８ｍ的温室进行了优化。     

日光节能温室油桃早果丰产栽培试验

就日光节能温室油桃早果丰产栽培技术从大苗定植、扣时间的确定、全园覆膜、多效唑控冠、蜜蜂与人工辅助授粉等几个方面进行了试验和探讨     

天津地区不同年限设施土壤pH及酶活性变化

以天津地区露地土壤作对照,研究了栽培1,2,3,6,12年设施蔬菜土壤有关生物学指标的变化。结果表明,设施土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性高于露地,过氧化物酶相反;随着连作年限延长,土壤脲酶活性逐渐增强,而过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、转化酶活性开始增强之后减弱。土壤酶活性都由表层向底层逐渐减弱。土壤pH随着栽培年限增加呈逐渐降低趋势。     

设施蔬菜土壤积累态磷、钾养分的有效利用研究

针对设施菜田磷、钾养分过量积累的现状,采用温室盆栽连续种植吸收的试验方法对磷、钾养分的有效利用进行了研究。结果表明,在高磷、钾含量的土壤上不施任何肥料难以保证产量水平;施用一定量的氮肥可以促进土壤磷、钾养分的吸收,提高产量,但不能获得高产;试验条件下,在保证氮肥适量供应的基础上,降低1/3正常磷、钾肥施用量,可以获得较高的白菜生物产量,说明合理调节氮、磷、钾肥,可以促进土壤磷、钾养分的有效利用,减少磷、钾肥的施用量。     

Amazonian deforestation and global warming: carbon stocks in vegetation replacing Brazil''s Amazon forest

Carbon stocks in vegetation replacing forest in Brazilian Amazonia affect net emissions of greenhouse gases from land-use change. A Markov matrix of annual transition probabilities was constructed to estimate landscape composition in 1990 and to project future changes, assuming behavior of farmers and ranchers remains unchanged. The estimated 1990 landscape was 5.4% farmland, 44.8% productive pasture, 2.2% degraded pasture, 2.1% ‘young’ (1970 or later) secondary forest derived from agriculture, 28.1% ‘young’ secondary forest derived from pasture, and 17.4% ‘old’ (pre-1970) secondary forest. The landscape would eventually approach an equilibrium of 4.0% farmland, 43.8% productive pasture, 5.2% degraded pasture, 2.0% secondary forest derived from agriculture, and 44.9% secondary forest derived from pasture. An insignificant amount is regenerated ‘forest’ (defined as secondary forest over 100 years old). Average total biomass (dry matter, including below-ground and dead components) was 43.5 t ha⁻¹ in 1990 in the 410 × 10³ km² deforested by that year for uses other than hydroelectric dams. At equilibrium, average biomass would be 28.5 t ha⁻¹ over all deforested areas (excluding dams). These biomass values are more than double those forming the basis of deforestation emission estimates currently used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Although higher replacement landscape biomass decreases net emissions from deforestation, these estimates still imply large net releases.     

温室甜椒有机化土壤长季节栽培技术的研究

利用麦秸与玉米秸、菇渣、草坪草、甜瓜秧等农作废弃物与土壤有机肥混合配制有机土壤栽培系统,进行甜椒越夏长季节生产。结果表明,不同有机化土壤处理均有促进甜椒生长,提高甜椒坐果数而增产的效应,有机土壤栽培还可明显提早甜椒熟期,缩短节间距及提高甜椒产量。     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.     

现代通信技术在温室中的应用

现代通信技术的快速发展为温室产业进一步向集约化、规模化方向发展,信息的远程采集、实时处理与控制提供了重要支撑。越来越多的温室环境控制系统集成了各种先进的通信技术解决方案,建立了高效的管理系统。本文从有线和无线分类角度对目前较常见的现代通信技术进行阐述,对各种通信技术在温室中的应用优势与局限性进行了对比,提出了当前较常用的几种现代通信解决方案。     

Factors underlying the investment decision in energy-saving systems in Dutch horticulture

In the Netherlands the greenhouse sector is a major user of energy. It accounts for 7% of the total national energy use and for 79% of the total energy use in agriculture. In order to sustain this sector on the long term, it is important that its use of energy is lowered. One way of reducing energy use by horticultural producers is investing in energy-saving systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the investment behavior of firm operators in the adoption of energy-saving systems. Research objectives of the paper are (1) to analyze factors underlying the decision to invest, (2) to explore factors underlying the optimal size of investments. Three investment theories were used to construct an empirical model of investment. Consequently, this model was estimated in a two-stage procedure to analyze the factors influencing the decision of farmers to invest and the level of investments. The paper ends with policy implications.