Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to −6464 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in FS and −5757 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement.     

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendmenton Fruit Auality and Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Tomato Acidic Soils

[Objective]The aim was to explore the feasibility of applying oyster shell soil amendment for tomato production in order to determine proper quantity of the soil conditional.[Method]Field tests were performed to research effects of the soil conditioner on tomato yield,quality and soil p H.[Result]The results showed that tomato yield increased in the treatment groups with oyster shell soil amendment.The group SC50 increased the most by 16.5%than the control group.Based on normal fertilization,tomato growth was promoted by the soil amendment,and per tomato weight and lycopene content both improved during peak-fruiting period.Besides,soil p H value was enhanced by the soil amendment also.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that the effect was the best when soil conditioner was applied at 750 kg/hm2.     

高温闷棚技术在大棚辣椒连作生产上的应用

为研究大棚辣椒土传病害绿色防控技术,选择不同的高温闷棚杀菌方法,以本地传统的高温炕地杀菌方法为对照,调查不同处理对地温和土壤pH值的影响,调查不同处理大棚辣椒的根结线虫、疫病、枯萎病、青枯病和根腐病的发生为害情况,测量大棚辣椒产量。结果表明,应用石灰氮、覆盖地膜和大棚膜进行高温闷棚对大棚辣椒土传病害有较好的防治效果。     

温室一茄多果快速育成技术

随着嫁接技术在蔬菜育苗中的广泛应用,根据近年来兴起的一茄多果嫁接技术与园艺景观造型相结合的趋势,介绍了一种改进的一茄多果嫁接技术,技术的流程更简洁,也更易于操作,可使经济效益与人文景观效果得到共同提升。     

地源热泵技术在中国温室设施中的应用探讨

当前在中国温室设施中应用和推广地源热泵技术尚存在诸多不利因素,大大限制了该项技术在设施农业领域中的发展。为探寻合理的解决途径,对地源热泵空调系统的关键技术和其在中国的发展概况进行了相关的阐述和分析,并以中国农业大学上庄实验站已经建成使用的地下水式温室地源热泵空调系统为实例,介绍该系统的组成、工作流程、性能参数和使用情况,探讨温室地源热泵空调系统在推广和使用中可能出现的投资较高,长时间运行性能不稳定等问题,分析其原因并提出相应的对策建议。     

Factors underlying the investment decision in energy-saving systems in Dutch horticulture

In the Netherlands the greenhouse sector is a major user of energy. It accounts for 7% of the total national energy use and for 79% of the total energy use in agriculture. In order to sustain this sector on the long term, it is important that its use of energy is lowered. One way of reducing energy use by horticultural producers is investing in energy-saving systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the investment behavior of firm operators in the adoption of energy-saving systems. Research objectives of the paper are (1) to analyze factors underlying the decision to invest, (2) to explore factors underlying the optimal size of investments. Three investment theories were used to construct an empirical model of investment. Consequently, this model was estimated in a two-stage procedure to analyze the factors influencing the decision of farmers to invest and the level of investments. The paper ends with policy implications.     

内外遮阳对连栋塑料温室内光环境的影响

借助热辐射理论 ,在分析太阳辐射在温室内的传播过程基础上 ,建立了一种连栋塑料温室在无遮阳、内遮阳和外遮阳情况下的光环境模型 ,并结合实际情况分析讨论了边缘效应对室内光环境的影响。结果表明 :在不考虑边缘效应时 ,内、外遮阳条件下温室内的光环境基本上无差异 ;而考虑边缘效应时 ,外遮阳具有相对较好的光照环境 ,在遮阳网透射率低时更为明显。实测结果与模拟值的变化规律基本吻合。     

CO 2与土壤水分交互作用的番茄光合速率预测模型

为了实现不同土壤水分管理下的CO 2气肥精细控制,建立了番茄作物不同生长阶段的光合速率预测模型。实验设置了4个CO 2浓度与3个土壤水分条件的交互处理,利用无线传感器网络长期实时监测温室内环境信息,采用LI-6400XT型光合速率仪定时采集作物净光合速率信息;并用BP神经网络分别建立了番茄苗期、花期和果期的光合速率预测模型。预测模型的验证结果表明,对于苗期预测模型,预测值与实测值之间的决定系数 R 2为0.925;花期预测模型的决定系数 R 2为0.920,果期预测模型的决定系数 R 2为0.958;番茄各生长期的光合速率预测模型均具有较高的预测精度。在不同土壤水分条件下改变CO 2浓度,得到的CO 2浓度与光合速率预测曲线与实测值相近,可反映实际土壤水分管理下的CO 2浓度最优值,对指导不同土壤水分条件下CO 2气肥的精细调控具有重要意义。     

爱媛28’香橙砧与枳砧在南平市引种表现与评价

2017年引进早熟杂柑品种‘爱媛28’香橙砧和枳砧苗分别在大棚设施和露天进行试种,栽培4年调查比较两个砧木组合的生长表现、丰产性与果实品质,结果表明：‘爱媛28’香橙砧树表现生长势强,冠幅、树高、茎粗、结果枝、秋梢等生长量指标显著大于枳砧树,3a树初产1436 kg/667㎡,4a树2523kg/667㎡,显著高于枳砧4a树初产1809kg/667㎡;大棚种植香橙砧4a树果实10月下旬TSS11-12%,12月中旬TSS可达15%,与枳砧相当,可滴定酸比枳砧略高,两者固酸比均达18以上,口感风味极佳,两者单果重、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率无显著性差异;未密封大棚4a树体经受2020年寒冬极端低温考验无明显冻害,抗旱抗寒能力中等,易感黑点病和流胶病,大棚种植能很好预防黑点病。综合评价爱媛28枳砧和香橙砧均适合在南平市种植,香橙砧比枳砧早期丰产性稳产性好,收益更高,香橙砧‘爱媛28’设施种植较枳砧更具优势。     

智能温室草莓品种比较试验

为筛选出智能温室适栽草莓品种,本试验以红颜为对照,引进宁丰、容宝、紫金久红、甘红等4个品种。以生长季内观察物候期、主要植物学特性、生长结果特性及病害发生情况作为品种适应性监测指标,进行适栽草莓品种的筛选比较试验。结果表明,宁丰、容宝在智能温室高架基质栽培中表现早熟,可适当推广;紫金久红综合性状优良,可作为当地主栽品种红颜的配搭适当发展;甘红可作为观光采摘和鲜食新品种。