河南南阳地产绿米稻壳中花青素的提取工艺研究

摘 要：本研究旨在探索从河南南阳当地培育的一个水稻品种南阳绿米的稻壳中提取花青素的最适条件。利用0.1mol/L的盐酸乙醇连续提取3次,依据所得溶液的530nm、620nm和650nm波长下的光吸收值和Greey公式计算出的花青素含量,分析了乙醇浓度、温度、提取时间和料液比等单因素对提取量的影响;在此基础上,设计了四因素三水平的正交试验,并利用正交分析法确定最优化的提取条件组合。结果表明,最佳提取效果的条件组合为乙醇浓度60%、温度60℃、提取时间为9 h、料液比为1:20,在此条件下,100 g稻壳可提取的花青素量为588.41 mg,由此推测,每公顷南阳绿米的稻壳中可得到约13 kg的花青素。因此,南阳绿米稻壳中的花青素含量值得提取,南阳绿米是一个具有附加经济效益的新品种,值得推广种植。     

基于卷积神经网络的玉米根茎精确识别与定位研究

为了能精准地识别和定位玉米根茎,本文建立了基于迁移学习方法的玉米根茎检测网络,模拟人眼识别功能从复杂的田间环境中识别和定位玉米根茎,实现履带自走式热雾机玉米行间对行行走。以履带自走式热雾机为图像采集平台获取玉米作物田间图像,采用DOG金字塔算法提取图像中的目标根茎,构成样本训练数据库。通过训练网络,首先实现了单株玉米根茎的精准识别,然后开展玉米作物行间环境下多株玉米根茎精确识别和根茎定位。基于已识别的玉米根茎位置采用最小二乘法拟合行驶路径,试验结果表明,提出的玉米根茎识别方法与传统图像处理的方法相比,具有更好的定位精度,能够实现玉米作物田间路径的准确规划,为履带自走式热雾机玉米行间对行行走提供了技术支撑。     

海南三七根茎芽基部的组培快繁

以海南三七根茎芽基部为外植体,对根茎芽基部进行初代诱导、继代增殖、生根壮苗培养,并对其组培苗移栽基质进行筛选,建立海南三七根茎芽基部的组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:根茎芽基部最佳诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+3%蔗糖+卡拉胶粉10.0 g/L+10%椰汁;继代增殖比较合适的培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0~8.0 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+3%蔗糖+卡拉胶粉10.0 g/L+10%椰汁;生根最佳的培养基为MS+NAA 0.10 mg/L+3%蔗糖+卡拉胶粉10.0 g/L+10%香蕉泥+活性碳1.0 g/L;组培苗移栽合适的基质为进口泥炭、红壤和腐叶土的混合基质或纯进口泥炭。     

污泥浸提液对青菜及油麦菜种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响

以不同浓度污泥浸提液对青菜及油麦菜种子进行浸种,研究其对蔬菜种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响,以期为污泥的资源化利用提供依据。结果表明,污泥浸提液对油麦菜种子萌发的抑制作用较对青菜种子更强,其中以100%浸提液处理的青菜和油麦菜种子的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数分别比对照下降4.0%、30.0%、58.9%和91.7%、94.4%、98.2%。随着浸提液浓度增大,作用时间延长,幼苗细胞膜透性逐渐增大,到第6天,100%污泥浸提液处理的青菜及油麦菜幼苗细胞膜透性较对照分别升高74.77%及120.76%。伴随细胞膜的破坏丙二醛含量上升,100%污泥浸提液处理青菜与油麦菜幼苗丙二醛含量较对照分别增加72.5%和113.1%。随着污泥浸提液浓度的提高2种蔬菜幼苗可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量表现出先下降后上升的趋势。     

The anthelmintic effects of five plant extracts on the viability of Parascaris equorum larvae

Ascariasis is a very common parasitic disease in equids, especially in young horses. Despite the use of anthelmintic drugs, resistance has been frequently reported in populations of Parascaris equorum. As a result, herbal preparations are proposed for current control strategies. In this study, a modified method was used for hatching the eggs of P. equorum. After hatching, the effects of methanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus, Eucalyptus camadulensis, Mentha pulegium, Zataria multiflora and Allium sativum (garlic) were investigated on the recovered larvae. For each extract, the anthelmintic effects of different concentrations (50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/mL) were evaluated at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min after the challenge. The results showed that our modifications to the older method could enhance the hatching rate for the eggs of P. equorum (to an average of 98%). Potassium dichromate was also demonstrated in this study to be a favourable medium during embryonation. In addition, all the concentrations of A. dracunculus and M. pulegium and higher levels (≥100 mg/mL concentrations) of Z. multiflora extracts had significant lethal effects on larvae from the first to the fourth 10 min of the experiment. In contrast, E. camadulensis and A. sativum had not marked effects on larvae viability at any time of the challenge. In conclusion, our data suggest that A. dracunculus, M. pulegium and Z. multiflora have potential to be used as anthelmintic for the control of ascariasis in equid host; however, these effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo studies.     

黄土高原13种栽培牧草营养成分NIRS模型分析

对2012-2013年黄土高原种植的13个牧草品种、780份干草样品的营养成分建立了近红外光谱(near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,NIRS)的检测模型。豆科牧草的粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗灰分(Ash)建模结果最好,其定标决定系数(RSQ)0.94,交叉验证相关系数(1-VR)0.7最高,定标标准分析误差(SEC)在0.071~0.713,交叉校验定标标准分析误差(SECV)在0.160~2.751。禾本科牧草的EE和可溶性糖(WSC)建模结果最好,RSQ分别达0.916和0.859,1-VR分别为0.609和0.810,SEC和SECV分别是0.250、1.488和0.505、3.172。菊科和车前科牧草的模型,除ADF外,其它指标预测的稳定性和准确性较为理想,RSQ在0.85以上,1-VR在0.70以上,SEC和SECV分别在0.361~3.557和0.495~4.602。NIRS对豆科粗蛋白(CP)和WSC的数值预测较差,RSQ仅0.55,对禾本科CP、ADF、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、Ash及菊科和车前科的ADF的预测稍差,RSQ0.7。     

Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation

Papaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH₄) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PLE. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P <0.05) in MLE (2.02) and HLE (1.93) compared to the CON (2.28). Supplementation of the diet with PLE significantly (P <0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n‐9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n‐6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n‐3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to CON after 24 h incubation, which resulted in higher concentrations of BH intermediates such as C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid; VA), c9t11 conjugated LA (CLA) (rumenic acid; RA) and t10c12 CLA. Real‐time PCR analysis indicated that the total bacteria, total protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and methanogen population in HLE decreased (P <0.05) compared to CON, but the total bacteria and B. fibrisolvens population were higher (P < 0.05) in CON compared to the PLE treatment groups.     

GC-ECD测定江永香姜中有机氯农药残留

[目的]建立气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测(GC-ECD)江永香姜中有机氯农药残留的分析方法。[方法]样品经正己烷-丙酮(4∶1,V/V)超声提取,过滤、盐析、干燥,经弗洛里硅土柱净化,用丙酮+正己烷(1∶9,V/V)洗脱,GC-ECD检测。[结果]8种有机氯农药的检出限0.028~0.500μg/kg,加标回收率96.4%~100.2%,相对标准偏差RSD 1.3%~3.5%,符合国家标准要求。[结论]该方法具有操作简单、准确、快速、灵敏、净化效果好等特点,适合江永香姜中有机氯农药残留的测定。     

姜精油的香气成分及其生物活性研究

[目的]研究姜精油的香气成分及其生物活性。[方法]试验采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定姜精油香气成分,同时对姜精油的体外抗氧化活性进行了测定,包括总抗氧化活性、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的能力等。[结果]香气成分方面,姜精油共鉴定出52个化合物,包括烯类24种,醇类16种,酸类5种,酮类3种,醛类2种,酯类1种,芳香类化合物1种;抗氧化性方面,姜精油具有较好的抗氧化活性,较高的DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基清除能力。[结论]研究可为姜精油的开发利用提供参考依据。     

种子DNA快速提取法在玉米转基因检测中的应用

利用一种快速玉米基因组DNA提取方法,分别对Bt11、MON810、NK603、MIR604和TC1507这5种转基因玉米种子的胚和胚乳进行DNA提取。根据不同转基因玉米重组结构点,分别设计特异性引物,参考农业部转基因检测标准,通过对PCR体系的优化整合后发现,该玉米DNA快速提起法获得的PCR检测结果准确、可靠,在此基础之上建立一套多重PCR,使转基因检测的效率得到很大提高。