中草药复配液在脐橙保鲜中的应用研究

以赣南脐橙为试材,研究了肉桂、丁香、丹皮、细辛、五倍子五种中草药提取液(浓度为1 g/mL)中的任意三种以1∶1∶1比例形成的10种复配液对意大利青霉和指状青霉的抑制效果以及效果最佳的复配液对脐橙的保鲜效果。结果表明,复配液CM-7(丁香、细辛、丹皮)对指状青霉和意大利青霉的抑菌圈直径分别为40.97 mm和39.03 mm,抑菌效果最好。对脐橙保鲜效果表明,与对照组相比,在贮藏中后期(40～90 d),CM-7处理降低了果实的腐烂率和失重率,延缓了VC和总糖含量的降解,保持了果实良好的营养品质。     

Optimization of slow-release fertilizer application improves lotus rhizome quality by affecting the physicochemical properties of starch

To achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs,slow-release fertilizer (SRF) has been widely used in lotus cultivation as new type of fertilizer instead of traditional nitrogen fertilizer.However,the optimal amount of SRF and how it would promote lotus rhizome quality remain unclear.This study was designed to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics and the synthesis,accumulation,and physicochemical properties of lotus rhizome starches under six SRF l...     

花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为探讨花叶滇苦菜与常见草本花卉协同生长过程中的化感作用机制,采用培养皿生物测定法,研究了花叶滇苦菜地上部(DS)和地下部(DX)不同浓度浸提液对二月兰、石竹、观赏油菜3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理指标及相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,以期为花卉植物大规模应用及杂草生物防治提供理论依据。结果表明:花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长均呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,在5 g·L^-1时2种浸提液中促进效应最大的是二月兰,其次是石竹,均在100 g·L^-1浓度下抑制效应达最大。2种浸提液提高了3种花卉幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,二月兰、观赏油菜在50 g·L^-1时达到峰值,石竹在25 g·L^-1时达到峰值,100 g·L^-1时均高于对照组,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛含量随浸提液浓度的升高而增加。石竹种子POD活性与种子发芽率呈极显著正相关;观赏油菜POD活性与茎长和根长呈显著正相关;二月兰根长与POD、CAT...     

Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Piscicidal Plants and Their Utilization in Aquaculture

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Acacia pennata (bark), Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit), Diospyros lenceofolia (fruit), and Sapindus mukorossi (fruit) were evaluated as piscicides on the freshwater fish Danio dangila, Danio rerio, and Puntius shalynius, and the air-breathing Heteropneustes fossilis. Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit) possessed relatively higher piscicidal potency followed by Sapindus mukorossi (fruit), Acacia pennata (bark), and lastly Diospyros lanceofolia (fruit). Catunaregam uliginosa can thus be used for eradicating unwanted wild fishes in a short time span at low concentrations so that the health of aquatic environment is maintained.     

银杏叶提取物对鲫CYP4503A和溶菌酶活性的影响

以红霉素为探针,采用NaSH法研究了银杏叶提取物对鲫细胞色素P4503A和溶菌酶活性的影响.研究结果显示,银杏提取物能诱导鲫细胞色素P4503A活性,试验组CYP4503A活性显著高于对照组,而且银杏叶提取物可以提高鲫头肾溶菌酶的活性和免疫保护率.鲫日粮中添加银杏叶提取物的适宜量为25 mg/kg.     

海带粗提物及褐藻酸钠寡糖的保湿与抗氧化作用研究

以海带为原料提取海带粗提物,以褐藻酸钠制备古罗糖醛酸寡糖与甘露糖醛酸寡糖,研究比较海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的吸湿、保湿性及抗氧化性。试验结果表明,海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖及甘露糖醛酸寡糖具有较高的吸湿性与保湿性,且古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖、褐藻酸钠及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均有较强的清除作用。     

饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达及抗菌机能的影响

为了评估饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫灵敏性和平衡性的相关基因表达的影响,以鱼粉含量为24.5%的基础饲料(对照组)及在基础饲料中添加2.5%酵母提取物的实验饲料,分别饲喂凡纳滨对虾56 d,检测两种饲料投喂的对虾在急性感染溶藻弧菌前后鳃组织Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量变化及感染后的对虾死亡情况。结果表明:摄食添加酵母提取物饲料的凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05),IMD mRNA表达量与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。急性感染溶藻弧菌后,两组对虾鳃组织Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量随感染进程均出现显著变化,Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量峰值出现的时间分别为24、42和36 h,且摄食添加酵母提取物组对虾各基因的表达量峰值分别为对照组峰值的201.06%、481.46%和276.77%,均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05)。摄食添加酵母提取物饲料组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IM D mRNA表达量在感染溶藻弧菌后12和24 h分别出现显著上调,而对照组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量分别在感染弧菌后24和42 h才出现显著上调。两组对虾经溶藻弧菌人工急性感染后72 h内的累积死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。实验表明,饲料中添加酵母提取物上调了溶藻弧菌感染前凡纳滨对虾Toll受体和溶菌酶mRNA的表达量,提早了溶藻弧菌感染后对虾Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量上调时间,且增加了对虾Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量的峰值,在一定程度上提高了凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达的灵敏性。     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

不同抗生素对生姜组织培养中姜芽脱菌效果的研究

以PDA和Plate Count Agar作为基本培养基,外加不同浓度配比抗菌素进行脱菌。结果表明：以PDA125 mL作为基本培养基外加1 g/L黄连素10 mL、1 g/L卡那霉素10 mL和外加1 g/L黄连素10 mL、1 g/L多菌灵10 mL,姜块脱菌试验染菌率为0,脱菌效果良好。以PDA125 mL作为基本培养基外加1 g/L青霉素10 mL、1 g/L卡那霉素10 mL,姜芽脱菌试验染菌率为0,脱菌效果良好,另外整个试验过程姜芽的脱菌效果均优于姜块的脱菌效果。     

生姜育种研究进展

生姜良种的培育与开发是促进生姜产业快速发展的关键因素。为了促进生姜育种工作的发展,对生姜系统选育、诱变育种、多倍体育种和基因工程技术育种等方面的国内外研究成果进行了总结,为生姜育种研究工作提供参考。