藏草乌水煎提取液体外杀灭羊虱蝇药效及皮肤毒性试验研究

试验旨在研究藏草乌的水煎提取液在体外杀灭羊虱蝇的药效作用及其皮肤毒性、刺激性、过敏性试验,为藏草乌的开发利用和临床应用提供理论依据。将1%、2%、4%、8%、10%藏草乌水煎提取液分别滴于衬有吸水纸和羊虱蝇的平皿中,在1、2、4、8 h时分别观察其对羊虱蝇的杀灭情况。取相同剂量1%、2%藏草乌水煎提取液均匀涂于大白兔的完整皮肤和破损皮肤,进行皮肤毒性、刺激性和过敏性试验。结果显示,给药1 h后各浓度的藏草乌水煎提取液及阳性对照组均出现了不同程度的羊虱蝇杀灭效果,4 h后阳性对照组杀灭率为100%,8 h时,1%、2%藏草乌水煎提取液杀灭率达到70%,而2%藏草乌水煎提取液较1%药物组杀灭羊虱蝇效果好;皮肤毒性试验显示,大白兔皮肤无红斑、水肿,体重变化正常;皮肤刺激性试验结果显示,藏草乌提取液对大白兔皮肤无刺激性;皮肤致敏反应结果表明,藏草乌提取液对大白兔不具有致敏性。综上所述,藏草乌水煎提取液具有良好的体外杀灭羊虱蝇作用,且皮肤用药安全。     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

唇形科植物提取物对单胃动物的抗氧化作用及其机制

动物在患病、应激或特殊生理条件下,机体内会大量产生自由基,自由基与机体内的脂质、ＤＮＡ等产生反应,可对动物造成氧化损伤。唇形科植物提取物中的抗氧化物主要活性成分是酚类化合物,它和抗坏血酸及类胡萝卜素能够阻止自由基引发的氧化伤害。本文阐述了唇形科植物提取物对猪、鸡体外和体内抗氧化作用的实例与抗氧化功能,分析了其抗氧化作用机制。     

千里光提取物冻干粉药代动力学研究-抗炎药理效应法

为了探索千里光提取物冻干粉(SsE)的药物代谢动力学特征,首次采用耳肿胀度抑制率药理效应法测定SsE药动学参数。结果发现,在一定剂量范围内给小鼠腹腔注射SsE,能较迅速地产生药理效应,使耳肿胀度抑制率显著提高;SsE最低有效量为57.40 mg/kg,在小鼠体内代谢符合一级反应一室模型,模型表达式为:C=1 436.227 e^(-0.133 4 t)-1436.227 e^(-0.237 t),表观药动学参数为:一级消除速率常数Ke=0.133 4 h-1,消除半衰期t1/2Ke=5.194 9 h,一级吸收速率常数Ka=0.237 h-1,吸收半衰期t1/2Ka=2.924 1 h,血药峰浓度Cmax=1 436.227 mg/kg,达峰时间tmax=5.547 4 h,清除率Cl=0.055 3mg/kg.h,药-时曲线下面积AUC=16 826.35 mg/kg.h,表观分布容积V=0.414 2 mg/kg,滞后期t0=0.010 4 h。表明SsE具有良好的抗炎作用,在小鼠体内起效快,消除慢,生物利用度高,在机体内分布有限,较集中于血浆,组织摄入少。     

艾蒿对不同植物幼苗的化感作用初探

在室内用离体生物测定方法测定了艾蒿水浸提物对黄瓜、油菜、高粱、萝卜和小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并同时测定了黄瓜和萝卜幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,艾蒿水浸提液对5种植物种子的萌发和幼苗生长均有较强的抑制作用,5种受体植物中,以油菜最为敏感,其次为萝卜。0.025g/mL浓度的艾蒿水提液对5种受体油菜、萝卜、黄瓜、小麦和高粱种子的综合效应(SE)分别为100%,87.26%,69.88%,61.11%和52.77%。艾蒿水提物能引起黄瓜和萝卜幼苗MDA含量的升高,表明艾蒿化感作用对受体植物的影响很可能与其引起MDA含量升高,从而导致植物细胞膜的破坏有关。     

不同浓度乙醇对蜂胶中的铅提取效果的研究

采用不同浓度的乙醇90％、85％、80％、75％、70％、65％、50％，对蜂胶的有效成分进行提取，测定其提取液和残渣中的铅含量，并计算其提取率。结果表明：随乙醇浓度的上升，提取率及提取液中的铅含量增高。其中乙醇浓度为75％、70％和65％的蜂胶提取液中的铅含量均小于1ppm，符合我国食品卫生法关于食品中的铅含量不得超过1ppm的规定。     

竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响

本试验旨在研究竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响。试验选用健康、体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛用于瘤胃液的采集,以精粗比为4∶6的全混合日粮作为发酵底物。试验组分为6组,各组分别添加0(对照)、0.75、1.50、3.00、4.50、6.00 mg/g的竹叶提取物,每组6个重复,每个重复3个批次。体外发酵24 h后,记录产气量,测定瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)各组的发酵液pH均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组的发酵液中氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中3.00和4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中NH_3-N浓度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。试验组的发酵液中干物质消失率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2) 4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05); 3. 00、4.50、6. 00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中乙酸浓度显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05); 4. 50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P <0. 05); 3. 00、4. 50、6. 00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丁酸浓度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05); 6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中异戊酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组的发酵液中异丁酸、戊酸浓度以及乙酸/丙酸均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验组的体外发酵甲烷体积和甲烷含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组的体外发酵产气量无显著差异(P> 0.05)。综上所述,体外条件下添加竹叶提取物在不影响瘤胃发酵模式的同时可以显著降低甲烷排放,其中添加4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物效果最佳。     

Effects of Donor Cells Treated with Egg Extracts on the Development Competence of Cloned Embryos

Japanese Balck cattle fetal fibroblasts (JBCFF) were induced with Xenopus leavis egg extracts and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was carried out with the reprogrammed JBCFF as donor cells in order to investigate their effects on SCNT efficiency.Three samples of egg extracts were acquired from different Xenopus laevis.The protein contents and kinds in extracts were evaluated with BCA Protein Quantification Kit and SDS-PAGE.Concentration of Digitonin to permeabilize JBCFF was optimized and assessed with PI staining.Reprogrammed cells treated with egg extract were used as donor in SCNT.Additionally the reconstructed embryos were activated with ionomycin+6-DMAP and A23187+6-DMAP to compare their effects on the development competence.The protein contents of extracts samples were 56.2255,64.6570 and 71.2158 μg/mL,respectively,the each extract had the same composition about 40-55 and 70-100 ku.The optimal concentration of Digitonin was 7 μg/mL and the permeabilization rate was 55.44%.After extracts treatment and continuous culture for 6-7 d,JBCFF formed well-defined colony structures.No significant composition difference was found in rates of fusion (92.83% vs 96.04%),cleavage (89.64% vs 89.78%) and blastocyst formation (24.06% vs 23.12%) of cloned embryos when the colony cells and JBCFF without extracts treatment were used as donor cells (P>0.05).Similarly,the two activation methods had no significant effect on the developmental competence of cloned embryos (cleavage rate 92.16% vs 92.28%,blastocyst rate 23.21% vs 24.18%).Conclusively,Xenopus leavis,egg extracts could induce JBCFF reprogramming to a low differentiated state.However donor cells with reprogramming partially could not improve the development of cloned embryos and its mechanism requires further research.     

五味子萃取物有效成分含量测定及其对鸡肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

作者采用高效液相色谱测定五味子萃取物有效成分含量,并研究其对肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌肌苷酸含量的影响。试验选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡200羽,公母各半,随机分为5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10羽。各组间鸡体重无统计学上的差异（P>0.05）,试验全期56 d。空白组饲喂基础日粮（不添加任何药物）,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加黄霉素5 mg/kg、五味子萃取物0.1%、0.2%、0.4%。56日龄屠宰试验鸡,取胸肌、腿肌肉,测定肌苷酸含量。研究结果表明,各试验组胸（腿）肌肌苷酸含量均高于空白组与黄霉素组,其中0.4%五味子萃取物组与空白组和黄霉素组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

大叶斑鸠菊药效学初探

目的：初探大叶斑鸠菊的药效。方法：将大叶斑鸠菊制成浓度为1 g生药/mL的提取液,通过抑菌试验、利尿试验及对鸡肾肿的治疗试验,考察其药效。结果：大叶斑鸠菊提取液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度均为0.25 g/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制效果;有一定利尿作用;饲喂0.4、0.5、0.6 g/mL不同剂量大叶斑鸠菊提取液,2次/d,鸡肾肿明显减轻,鸡的存活率提高,分别为42.86%、71.43%和85.71%。结论：大叶斑鸠菊具有一定抑菌作用、利尿作用,对鸡肾肿有较好的治疗效果。