Repetitive DNA Sequences in Wheat and Its Relatives

Repetitive DNA sequences form a large portion of eukaryote genomes. Using wheat ( Triticum )as a model, the classification, features and functions of repetitive DNA sequences in the Tritieeae grass tribe is reviewed as well as the role of these sequences in genome differentiation, control and regulation of homologous chromosome synapsis and pairing. Transposable elements, as an important portion of dispersed repetitives,may play an essential role in gene mutation of the host. Dynamic models for change of copy number and sequences of the repetitive family are also presented after the models of Charlesworth et al. Application of repetitive DNA sequences in the study of evolution, chromosome fingerprinting and marker assisted gene transfer and breeding are described by taking wheat as an example.     

部分栽培葱属植物叶绿体基因组的RAPD分析

  提取我国栽培的几种主要葱属植物的叶绿体DNA , 利用RAPD 技术进行遗传关系分析。从56 个10 bp 随机引物中筛选出18 个多态性引物进行扩增分析, 14 个材料共扩增出270 条带, 其中246 条具多态性。UPGMA 聚类将供试葱属品种分成4 个组。葱属在进化上存在两个方向, 分别形成了管状叶和扁平叶两种类型。     

锦鲤尾鳍细胞系(KF-H)的建立

本研究建立了锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)尾鳍细胞系。染色体数目、核型及DNA含量等实验,发现锦鲤体细胞和锦鲤培养细胞无显著性差异,染色体数目和DNA含量符合比例关系,建立的锦鲤尾鳍细胞系已形成了稳定的遗传性状,命名为KF-H。     

对精子作为动物转达基因载体的探讨

精子作为基因的载体制作转基因动物,以其简单、高速和广泛适用等特点而吸引众多的研究小组在不同水平上进行研究.本文就他们的研究成果作一系统综述.     

复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉仔鸭小肠黏膜的形态及DNA、RNA含量的影响

试验选用180只体重为(59.46±0.09)g的1日龄樱桃谷肉仔鸭,随机分为4组,每组3个重复(栏),每栏15只鸭,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、稻谷-玉米-豆粕型和稻谷-玉米-豆粕型日粮 500 mg/kg或1000 mg/kg复合酶制剂日粮.在试验的第7和14天,每重复选取体重相近的5只肉仔鸭进行屠宰,在十二指肠远端、空肠中端和回肠中端分别截取5 cm和10 cm的两段相邻肠段,观测了小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛宽度,并测定了黏膜DNA和RNA含量.结果表明,在1～14 d肉仔鸭稻谷型日粮中添加复合酶制剂可使十二指肠的绒毛高度显著增加,而对小肠黏膜DNA和RNA的含量无显著性影响;在8～14 d,添加1000 mg/kg复合酶制剂可显著增加空肠和回肠的绒毛高度.     

砀山酥梨基因组DNA提取和RAPD条件优选

分别以砀山酥梨不同品系的成熟叶片、幼叶和芽为材料,采用SDS法提取基因组DNA,比较了不同材料的提取效果,并以此为模板进行RAPD反应,优化了RAPD反应条件。结果表明:用幼叶和芽均能提取高质量的基因组DNA,可直接用于RAPD分析,而用成熟叶片虽能提取到基因组DNA,但不能直接用于RAPD分析;优化的RAPD反应体系为:反应体积50μL,包含80ng左右模板DNA、5μL市售10×PCRBuffer、2.0mmol/LMgCl2、120μmol/LdNTPs、3U的Taq酶、0.5μmol/L随机引物;热循环程序为94℃预变性5min,使模板DNA充分变性,然后进入下列温度循环,94℃变性30s,36℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,循环数40,最后72℃延伸7min。     

PCR-ELISA法对大豆品种的转基因定性检测研究

以共价交联在PCR管壁上的寡核苷酸作为固相引物进行PCR扩增,对PCR扩增的固相和液相产物分别进行杂交和凝胶电泳检测的PCR-ELISA法,对黑龙江省常规选育品种合丰35和黑农37、外源DNA直接导入大豆的分子育种所获品种黑生101、及大连进口的美国2号等大豆,进行转基因定性检测.结果表明:该方法高效可靠,可作为一种快速定性检测转基因产品的方法;检测结果:美国2号为转基因大豆,黑生101、合丰35和黑农37为非转基因大豆.上述结果对分子育种、生态保护、安全监测及对建立黑龙江省非转基因大豆生产保护区等具有重要意义.     

Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton

A well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.     

猪瘟病毒石门株基因组cDNA片断的扩增与克隆测序

以猪瘟病毒（ＨＣＶ）中国石门株强毒的血毒、细胞毒及Ｃ系兔化弱毒的细胞毒中提取的总ＲＮＡ为模板，应用逆转录─聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ一ＰＣＲ），在合成的两对ＨＣＶ特异引物引导下，扩增出与预计大小一致的４４１和３００ｂｐ两个核酸片断。寡核苷酸探针杂交证实确为ＨＣＶＰ_８０和ｇｐ４４／４８蛋白编码区特异性的ｃＤＮＡ片断。扩增片断克隆入ｐＵＣ_１９和ｐＢＳＫ（＋）中，并对ＨＣＶ石门株Ｐ_８０区ｃＤＮＡ片断进行测序分析，其与国外Ａｌｆｏｒｔ、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株同源性分别为９０．６％和９４．６％。氨基酸水平上同源性高达９８．４％。为抗猪瘟病毒Ｐ_８０区核酶的设计和应用提供了依据。